北京古代佛教寺院建筑布局演变探究——以北京戒台寺为例

Research on the Evolution of Architectural Layout of Ancient Buddhist Monasteries in Beijing:Taking the Jietai Temple in Beijing as an Example

北京戒台寺是国内著名的寺院,根据史料分析,戒台寺在辽代时期仅仅布置经幢、明王殿(影堂殿)、戒台殿、大悲殿等建筑;明代设置戒台寺南部轴线建筑——山门殿、钟、鼓楼、天王殿、伽蓝殿、祖师堂、大雄宝殿、千佛阁、真武殿、禅悦堂、宗师府、浴堂等建筑;清代在其原址上增建观音殿、九仙殿和皇家宫院——牡丹院、罗汉堂等建筑,形成了现今戒台寺的建筑布局。文章通过对寺院的历史文献资料和寺内石碑进行考证,展现了戒台寺的历史,分析戒台寺的建筑布局和建筑型制。

Beijing Jietai Temple is a famous temple in the west of Beijing.It was built in the Tang Dynasty.The Jietai Temple in the Liao Dynasty took the layout pattern of "sitting west and facing east".According to historical data,the Jietai Temple in the Liao Dynasty was only equipped with scripture buildings,the Ming King Hall(shadow hall),the Jietai Temple,the Great Compassion Hall and other buildings.In the Ming Dynasty,the southern axis buildings of the Jietai Temple were set up:the Shanmen Hall,the Bell,the Drum Tower,the Tianwang Hall,the Galan Hall,the Ancestral Hall,the Mahavira Hall,the Thousand Buddhas Pavilion,the Zhenwu Hall Chanyue Hall,Master's Mansion,Bathroom and other buildings.In the Qing Dynasty,the Guanyin Temple,the Jiuxian Temple and the Royal Palace:the Peony Hall and the Arhat Hall:were added to its original site,forming the architectural layout of the current Jietai Temple.This paper presents the history of Jietai Temple and analyzes the architectural layout and architectural system of Jietai Temple through textual research on historical documents and stone tablets in the temple.