数字时代下劳动者离线权的证成与实现

Justification and Realization of Employees’Right to Disconnect in Digital Era

数字时代下,劳动者的工作与生活之间的界限日益模糊。我国工作时间、劳动安全与健康立法及其司法实践在保护劳动者离线利益上存在局限,凸显劳动者离线权之创设必要性。劳动者离线权符合新兴权利法律化表达的生成逻辑:作为新兴权利之“新”体现为离线权“从无到有”且难以被劳动者休息权、广义隐私权等权利所涵盖;蕴含新兴权利促进工作—生活平衡之“兴”的动因;可以从包含基础权利的法律规范中推衍出来。未来我国应通过立法赋予除高级管理人员外的劳动者以离线权,且劳动者离线权的内容应包括要求用人单位明晰劳动者正常工作时间与非正常工作时间的边界、与工会代表就劳动者离线权内容进行协商以及承担侵犯劳动者离线权的法律责任。

In the digital era,the boundary between work and life of employees is increasingly blurred.Chinese working hour,labor safety and health legislation and their legal practices have limitations in protecting employees’benefits of disconnection,highlighting the necessity of creating employees’right to disconnect.The employees’right to disconnect meets the generative logic of emerging rights’s legal expression:the new manifestation of employees’right to disconnect as emerging rights is that it is“to start from scratch”and is difficult to be covered by employees’right to rest and employees’right to privacy in broad sense;it contains the motivation of promoting the balance of work and life with emerging rights;it can be derived from legal norms including the basic rights.In the future,China should legislate to grant right to disconnect to employees,except for senior management personnel.The content of employees’right to disconnect should include requiring employers to clarify the boundary between working and non-working hours,negotiating with union representatives on the content of employees’right to disconnect,and bearing legal responsibilities for infringing on employees’right to disconnect.