波斯纳财富最大化理论的内在局限及适用范围

The Internal Limitation of Posner’s Wealth Maximization Theory and Its Scope of Application

波斯纳将经济分析方法论运用到法学的诸多领域,其中影响最大的是他的财富最大化理论,该理论是基于对法律形式主义的不满,在吸收微观经济学、新制度经济学、福利经济学等理论的基础上提出的实用主义法学理论。但该理论缺乏对个体权利尊严的重视,难以与功利主义划清界限,同时还表现出工具理性的极端化倾向。因此,应规范这一理论的适用范围,即须平衡公平与效率的关系、接受道德价值的检验、须将其框定在立法的领域内以及尊重法律形式主义的功能发挥。

Posner applied the methodology of economic analysis to many fields of law,the most influential of which was his theory of wealth maximization,which was a pragmatic legal theory,based on his dissatisfaction with legal formalism,put forward on the basis of absorbing microeconomics,new institutional economics and welfare economics.However,this theory lacks attention to the dignity of individual rights,making it difficult to draw a clear line with utilitarianism.At the same time,it also shows the extreme tendency of instrumental rationality.Therefore,the scope of application of this theory should be regulated,which includes balancing the relationship between fairness and efficiency,accepting the test of moral values,framing it within the field of legislation,and respecting the function of legal formalism.