混合所有制改革程度影响国企劳动收入占比吗?

Does the Extent of Mixed Ownership Reform Affect the Labor Income Share in State-owned Enterprises?

国有企业混合所有制改革是当下国企改革的重点,而在推进形成以国内大循环为主体的新发展格局中,劳动收入占比变化将直接关系到扩大内需战略的有效实施,因此,研究国企混改对劳动者收入的影响具有重要意义。以2007-2020年中国A股国有上市公司为样本,研究混合所有制改革程度对国企劳动收入占比的影响,研究结果表明,混改股权结构深入性和混合度仅提高了高管劳动收入占比,对总体劳动收入占比和普通员工劳动收入占比没有显著作用。进一步研究发现,国企混改程度越高越能降低总体雇员规模,具体表现为普通员工的雇佣数量下降,但提高了高管人员数量,在一定程度上影响了两者的劳动收入占比,高管雇员人数的变化在混改和高管劳动收入占比中起到部分中介作用;在国企所属层级、国企功能分类以及董事会独立性差异的企业中,混改程度对国企劳动收入占比的影响具有异质性。研究结论有助于剖析和深化国有企业改革的同时优化企业收入分配制度,助力国民收入格局合理化。

The reform of mixed ownership of state-owned enterprises is the focus of the reform of state-owned enterprises.The change in the proportion of labor income will directly affect the effective implementation of the strategy of expanding domestic demand.Therefore,it is of great significance to study the impact of mixed reform of state-owned enterprises on labor income.This article uses China’s A-share state-controlled listed companies as a sample from 2007 to 2020 to study the impact of mixed ownership reform on the proportion of labor income of state-owned enterprise.The results show that the in-depth and mixed degree of the equity structure of the state-owned enterprise mixed reform only increases on the proportion of senior executives’labor income,but has no significant effect on the proportion of overall labor income and the proportion of ordinary employees’labor income.Further research found that the deeper the degree of mixing and reforming reduces the overall employee size,which is manifested in a decline in the number of ordinary employees employed,but raises the number of executives,which affects the labor income share of both to a certain extent,and that the change in the number of executive employees plays a partly intermediary role in mixing and the share of executives’labor income.The effect of the degree of state-owned enterprises mixing on the labor income share is heterogeneous among firms with differences in the level of state-owned enterprises affiliation,functional classification of state-owned enterprises,and independence of the board of directors.The research conclusions of this article are helpful to analyze the status quo of mixed reform of state-owned enterprises,optimize the income distribution system of enterprises while deepening the reform,and help rationalize the national income structure,achieve common prosperity.