心脏彩超在新生儿先天性心脏病筛查中的应用研究

Application Research of Cardiac Ultrasound in Screening Congenital Heart Disease of Neonates

目的对0~6岁小儿先天性心脏病筛查中应用心脏彩超的效果进行研究。方法选择广东省罗定市妇幼保健院超声科2021年7月—2023年7月接诊的1665例患儿为研究对象,采用心脏彩超进行先天性心脏病筛查。以综合检查结果为依据,计算心脏彩超在新生儿先天性心脏病中应用的诊断符合率、诊断灵敏度、诊断特异度。统计新生儿心脏彩超的检查指标结果,与健康新生儿进行对比。结果心脏彩超对新生儿先天性心脏病的诊断符合率、灵敏度、特异度与最终确诊结果相比较无显著差异(P>0.05)。室间隔缺损患儿与健康新生儿相比肺动脉血流速度快、左室舒张末期及收缩末期内径大(P<0.05)。房间隔缺损患儿肺动脉血流速度快于健康新生儿,右室横径大于健康新生儿,右室前后径大于健康新生儿,差异显著有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论新生儿先天性心脏病筛查中应用心脏彩超可以获得比较高的准确率,医生能够通过观察、对比心脏彩超检查结果进行准确地鉴别诊断,区分不同类型的先天性心脏病,临床应用价值高。

Objective To study effect of cardiac ultrasound in screening congenital heart disease of children aged 0~6.Methods The paper chose children admitted to Ultrasound Department of Guangdong Luoding City Maternal and Child Health Hospital from July 2021 to July 2023 as research subjects,treated with congenital heart disease screening with cardiac color ultrasound,1665 cases mainly were neonates.Based on comprehensive examination results,diagnostic accuracy,diagnostic sensitivity,and diagnostic specificity of cardiac ultrasound was calculated for neonatal congenital heart disease.Results of cardiac ultrasound examination indicators with healthy neonatess were compared.Results There was no significant difference in diagnostic accuracy,sensitivity,specificity,and final diagnosis of echocardiography for neonates with congenital heart disease compared with healthy neonates,(P>0.05).Children with ventricular septal defect had faster pulmonary artery blood flow velocity,larger left ventricular end diastolic and end systolic diameters than healthy neonates(P<0.05).Children with atrial septal defect had faster pulmonary artery blood flow velocity than healthy neonates,larger right ventricular transverse diameter than healthy neonates,and larger anterior posterior diameter of right ventricle,with significant difference(P<0.05).Conclusion Cardiac color Doppler ultrasound can achieve relatively high accuracy in screening for congenital heart disease of neonates.Doctors can differentiate and diagnose different types of congenital heart disease accurately by observing and comparing results of cardiac color Doppler ultrasound,which has high clinical application value.