90后对预防颈椎病的知信行调查及智慧健康教育策略

Knowledge, Belief, Practice Survey and Smart Health Education Strategy on Preventing Cervical Spondylosis about the post-90s

目的了解90后对预防颈椎病的认知状况、预防意识和健康行为方式,为探讨健康教育提供科学依据。方法于2023年3—5月采用自制问卷在广州市随机对1200名90后居民进行调查,将被调查者按照职业分成非医护组和医护组。结果90后颈椎病患者主要为颈型和神经根型,按严重程度分主要为轻型和中型;非医护组对颈椎病的“常见症状”“致病原因”的认知情况较差,与医护组对比有明显差异(P<0.001),两者在预防颈椎病的信念、行为方面以及颈椎病的严重程度得分方面也有显著差异(P<0.001);受访的90后普遍知道科学预防颈椎病的方法。结论健康教育、预防保健是90后预防颈椎病低投入、高效益的最优策略;“知道而做不到”是90后难以养成预防颈椎病的良好行为习惯的主要问题,智慧健康教育(包括智能穿戴、智能提醒装置等)是强化预防意识的新武器;同时,健康教育最好提前到中小学阶段。

Objective To understand the cognitive status,prevention awareness,and healthy behavior patterns of the post-90s generation towards preventing cervical spondylosis,and provide scientific basis for exploring health education.Methods A self-made questionnaire was used to randomly survey 1200 post-90s residents in Guangzhou from March to May 2023.Results Cervical spondylosis patients of post-90s are mainly neck type and nerve root type,classified into mild and moderate according to severity;The non medical and nursing group had a poor understanding of the"common symptoms"and"causes"of cervical spondylosis,and there was a significant difference compared to the medical and nursing group(P<0.001).The two groups also had significant differences in beliefs and behaviors in preventing cervical spondylosis,as well as in the"severity score"of cervical spondylosis(P<0.001);The post-90s surveyed generally know the methods of scientific prevention of cervical spondylosis.Conclusion Health education and preventive healthcare are the optimal strategies for the post-90s generation to prevent cervical spondylosis with low investment and high efficiency;The main problem for the post-90s generation is“I know but I can't”to develop good behavior habits to prevent cervical spondylosis.Smart health education(including smart wearing,smart reminder devices,etc.)is a new weapon to strengthen prevention awareness;At the same time,it is best to advance health education to the primary and secondary school stages.