优先权之反思与重述

Reflection and Restatement of Priority

优先权的概念范畴有狭义和广义之分。源自法国民法的狭义优先权长期游离于我国债物二分体系之中,已造成权利性质难辨、公示机制阙如和其他衍生的学理弊端。广义优先权谱系的创设存在语境虚假、效果无益、集合异类等显著缺陷。在狭义优先权中,一般优先权实为债权,特别优先权实为法定抵押权。此种法定抵押权与受其担保的主债权相区分,具有债法和物法的双重面相。其他所谓的“优先权”子项主要包括竞争中享有优待地位的资格和对因顺位判定原则或规则所生结果的描述。

The concept of priority can be divided into a narrow sense and a broad sense.The narrow sense priority derived from the French civil law is difficult to be compatible with China's current obligation-real dichotomy system for a long time,which has caused the nature of rights to be difficult to distinguish,the lack of publicity media,and other related theoretical disadvantages.The creation of generalized priority pedigree has some obvious defects,such as false context,useless effect and heterogeneous collection.In the narrow sense of priority,the general priority is the obligatory right,and the special priority is the legal mortgage.The legal mortgage is distinguished from the principal obligational right secured by it.It has the dual aspects of obligation law and real law.Other so-called“priority”subterms consist mainly of qualifications for preferential status in competition or descriptions of results resulting from the principle or rule of ordination.