知识产权滥用的教义学构造

The Doctrinal Construction of Misuse of Intellectual Property Right

我国现行法上的禁止知识产权滥用制度是不完备的。不仅知识产权滥用的构成要件不清晰,而且法效果欠缺。在构成要件上,首先,知识产权滥用是行使知识产权的行为。所行使的知识产权包括原权利与救济性权利。其中,原权利包括严格意义上的权利与法益。知识产权人提起恶意诉讼并不必然构成知识产权滥用。在构成滥用的情形,恶意诉讼涉及的是救济性权利的滥用,而非诉权滥用。其次,知识产权滥用是不正当的知识产权行使方式。在权利行使方式正当与否的判断标准上,立法目的是隐藏在行权目的之下的真正判断标准。具体应以知识产权法而非反垄断法的立法目的作为判断标准。著作权滥用仅有前述两项构成要件,但专利权与商标权滥用还有额外的第三项要件,即不与效力审查职权上的双轨制相冲突。滥用知识产权,将导致权利人与滥用所针对的义务人之间的霍菲尔德式法律关系发生两种变化。

The system for prohibiting the misuse of intellectual property rights under existing Chinses law is incomplete.Not only are the constituent elements of intellectual property rights misuse unclear,but also the legal effects are lacking.In terms of constituent elements,first of all,intellectual property rights misuse is the behavior of exercising intellectual property rights.The intellectual property rights exercised include original rights and remedial rights.Among them,original rights include rights in the strict sense and legal interests.Malicious litigation by the intellectual property owner does not necessarily constitute misuse of intellectual property rights.In the case of misuse,malicious prosecution involves the misuse of remedial rights rather than the misuse of litigation rights.Second,the misuse of intellectual property rights is an improper exercise of intellectual property rights.On the standard of whether the exercise of rights is justified or not,the legislative purpose is the real standard hidden under the purpose of the exercise of rights.Specifically,the legislative purpose of intellectual property law rather than antitrust law should be used as the standard.While copyright misuse has only the two aforementioned constituent elements,patent and trademark misuse has an additional third element,which is not in conflict with the dual-track system on the competence of effectiveness review.The misuse of intellectual property rights will result in two changes in the Hohfeld-type legal relationship between the right holder and the obligor against whom the misuse is directed.