法治化视阈下网络暴力与舆论监督的分野

The Difference between Cyber Violence and Public Opinion Supervision under the Rule of Law

网络暴力违法犯罪确有严厉惩治的必要性和紧迫性,然而如何保证准确及时地进行打击,同时不损害作为公民宪法性权利的言论自由权是其中的难点。在现代社会,言论自由权主要体现为网络言论的自由行使,这也是舆论监督的重要载体。为此,首先需要明确处理二者关系的基本原则:主客观相统一原则、对官员的监督批评性言论优位原则、对特殊群体言论实行最大限度宽容原则、存疑有利于言论人原则、利益衡量原则等。识别方法采用一般识别法与具体识别法:一般识别法主要考量信息的来源、信息内容是否具有侮辱性和诽谤性、揭露和批评目的是否具有公益性、话题本身是否具有公共性、评论者是否客观中立、被评论对象的行为是否违反法律和道德、评论内容与事件本身是否具有相关性等。除一般识别法外,还应具体甄别舆论监督与侮辱罪、诽谤罪和侵犯个人信息罪的区别。

It is necessary and urgent to severely penalize cyber violence,but how to ensure accurate and timely crackdown which will be carried out,without damaging the right to freedom of speech as a constitutional right of citizens.Ensuring that citizens can properly exercise the right of supervision by public opinion according to law is also a valuable value and a right that needs to be protected.In modern society,the right of freedom of speech is mainly embodied in the free exercise of online speech,which is also an important carrier of public opinion supervision.To this end,it is necessary to clarify the basic principles of dealing with the relationship between the two:the principle of unity of subjectivity and objectivity,the principle of superior supervision and criticism of officials,the principle of maximum tolerance for the speech of special groups,the principle of suspicion in favor of the speaker,and the principle of interest measurement.The identification method adopts general identification method and specific identification method:The general identification method mainly considers the source of information,whether the information content is insulting and defamatory,whether the purpose of disclosure and criticism is of public interest,whether the topic itself is public,whether the reviewer is objective and neutral,whether the behavior of the object being commented is in violation of law and morality,whether the content of the comment is relevant to the event itself,and so on.In addition to the general identification method,we should further distinguish between the supervision of public opinion and the crime of insult,libel and infringement of personal information.