天麻不同发育阶段7种有效成分的动态变化规律及质量差异标志物确认

Dynamic Change Patterns of Seven Active Components of Tianma(Gastrodia elata)at Different Developmental Stages and Confirmation of Quality Difference Markers

目的研究天麻在发育过程中有效成分的动态变化规律,为科学评价与合理利用天麻资源提供可靠的依据。方法通过高效液相色谱法(High Performance Liquid Chromatography,HPLC)对乌天麻(Gastrodia elata Blume f.glauca S.Chow)种子、原球茎、米麻、白麻、箭麻等5个不同发育阶段天麻中天麻素、对羟基苯甲醇、对羟基苯甲醛、巴利森苷A、巴利森苷B、巴利森苷C、巴利森苷E等7种活性成分同时进行测定,并采用主成分分析(Principal Component Analysis,PCA)和正交偏最小二乘判别分析(Orthogonal Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis,OPLS-DA)等化学模式识别方法对影响天麻不同发育阶段的差异标志物进行了预测,对天麻的整个生长发育过程中主要化学信息进行动态监测。结果5个发育阶段中,米麻阶段7种有效成分的总含量最高。天麻素、巴利森苷A、巴利森苷B、巴利森苷E在米麻时期含量最高,对羟基苯甲醇和巴利森苷C在原球茎时期含量最高,对羟基苯甲醛的含量在白麻时期含量最高。PCA分析将不同采收时期的31批天麻样品聚类成5类,能有效区分5个不同的发育阶段;使用OPLS-DA确定巴利森苷A、对羟基苯甲醇和巴利森苷E是影响天麻品质和发育的3个主要差异标志物。结论建立的HPLC结合化学模式识别的方法稳定、可靠,可以更全面地为进一步探讨天麻药材的质量控制和成分积累机制提供参考。

Objective To investigate the dynamic change pattern of the active components of Tianma(Gastrodia elata)during different development stages and provide a scientific basis for the evaluation and rational use of Tianma(Gastrodia elata)resources.Methods The seven active components of Wutianma(Gastrodia elata Blume f.glauca S.Chow),including gastrodin,p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol,p-hydroxybenzaldehyde,parisin A,parisin B,parisin C and parisin E,were simultaneously determined by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)at five different developmental stages,including seed,protocorm,juvenile tuber(Mima),immature tuber(Baima)and mature tuber(Jianma).And chemical pattern recognition methods such as the principal component analysis(PCA)and the orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA)were used to predict the quality difference markers affecting different developmental stages of Tianma(Gastrodia elata)and monitor the main chemical information throughout the growth of Tianma(Gastrodia elata).Results The total contents of the seven active components from juvenile tuber(Mima)were the highest.The contents of gastrodin,parisin A,parisin B and parisin E were the highest in the development stage of juvenile tuber(Mima),p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol and parisin C were the highest in the development stage of protocorm,and the contents of p-hydroxybenzaldehyde were the highest in the development stage of immature tuber(Baima).Thirty-one samples from different development stages were clustered into five categories representing five different developmental stages by the method of PCA.Parisin A,p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol and parisin E were identified as the three main quality difference markers affecting the quality and development of Tianma(Gastrodia elata)by the method of OPLS-DA.Conclusion The established HPLC method combined with chemical pattern recognition is stable and reliable,and can provide a more comprehensive reference for further research on the quality control and component accumulation mechanism of Tianma(Gastrodia elata).