复合生物膜微生物修复河道水环境技术

Integrated Biofilm Microbial Remediation Technology for Riverine Water Environment

由于人口增长和经济建设的扩大,水生态环境系统遭到严重破坏,沿河农村和工矿企业对河道水体的影响尤为严重。作为衡量水体污染程度的重要指标之一,水体中的氨氮和有机污染物对生态环境和人类身心健康造成一定影响,环境治理和水生态系统修复治理迫在眉睫。加之沿河工矿企业生产废水流入河道内,导致河道水体的污染具有多重性和复杂性。根据山西省阳泉市郊区温河治理水质提升工程为例,通过“高效生态浮岛+复合曝气生物膜修复”多方位立体式水生态净化技术和新型绿色生物膜修复技术,最终净化塘出水氨氮≤1.1mg/L,总氮≤1.3mg/L,水质指标达到地表Ⅳ类标准。运行成本0.12元/m^(3),低于同类型最新技术“底泥生物氧化技术”运行成本的3~4倍,值得应用推广。

Due to population growth and economic development,aquatic ecosystems have suffered severe degradation.The influence of rural areas and industrial and mining enterprises on river water bodies is particularly serious.Contaminants like ammonia nitrogen and organic pollutants in water bodies pose threats to both the environment and human health,necessitating environmental management and ecosystem restoration.Therefore,environmental governance and water ecosystem restoration are of urgent need.According to the current state of river water quality,a near-river approach was employed,involving the use of a comprehensive water ecosystem purification technology,including“high-efficient ecological floating island”and“hybrid aerated biofilm remediation.”The core of this approach focused on composite biofilm microbial treatment and was complemented by eco-floating islands and aeration biofilms to enhance water quality.The implementation included the construction of weirs and purification ponds along the riverbanks.Within the purification ponds,a novel composite MABR aeration biofilm was employed at the bottom for aeration and reoxygenation,thus increasing dissolved oxygen levels in the river water.In the central portion,biofilms were used to facilitate the microbial degradation of organic pollutants.Finally,the top layer of the water was equipped with eco-floating islands planted with emergent aquatic plants to adsorb metal ions.The results showed that effluent from the purification ponds met class IV surface water quality standards with ammonia nitrogen levels of≤1.1 mg/L and total nitrogen levels of≤1.3 mg/L.The operational cost was 0.12 yuan/m^(3),significantly lower than the“sediment biogeochemical oxidation”technology,which costs 3~4 times more.This technology are worthy of application and promotion.