自走式马铃薯捡拾装袋机设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Self-propelled Potato Collectingand Bagging Machine

针对马铃薯分段收获中,人工捡拾劳动强度大、效率低、成本高的问题,设计了一种自走式马铃薯捡拾装袋机。该自走式马铃薯捡拾装袋机能一次性完成马铃薯捡拾、薯土分离、除秧和装袋的工作。阐述了自走式马铃薯捡拾装袋机整体结构,并对捡拾装置、升运链装置、三级输送链装置、分拣台以及卸料装置等关键部件进行详细设计;运用DEM-MBD耦合的方法对马铃薯在两级输送链交接处的运动过程及受力情况进行分析;运用Box-Behnken试验方法,以漏薯率和伤薯率为评价指标,以整机前进速度、捡拾装置输送链线速度、升运链线速度、三级输送链线速度为试验因素,对该机工作参数进行四因素三水平试验,使用Design-Expert软件建立二次多项式回归模型。对回归模型进行优化后,绘制响应面,并得出该机最优工作参数。田间试验表明:当前进速度为0.70 m/s、捡拾装置输送链线速度为1.10 m/s、升运链线速度为1.20 m/s、三级输送链线速度为1.30 m/s时,漏薯率为2.82%,伤薯率为3.61%,满足马铃薯捡拾收获作业要求。

A self-propelled potato collecting and bagging machine was designed to address the issues of high labor intensity,low efficiency,and high cost in manual picking during potato segmented harvesting.The self-propelled potato collecting and bagging machine can complete the tasks of potato picking,potato soil separation,seedling removal,and bagging in one go.Elaborating on the overall structure of the selfpropelled potato collecting and bagging machine,a detailed design of key components such as the picking device,lifting chain device,thrid conveyor chain device,sorting table,and unloading device was provided;the DEM-MBD coupling method was used to analyze the movement process and force situation of potatoes at the intersection of two conveying chains;the Box-Behnken test method was used to carry out four factors and three levels experimental research on the working parameters of the machine,with the potato leakage rate and the potato damage rate as the evaluation indicators,and the forward speed of the machine,the linear speed of the picking device conveyor chain,the lifting chain,and the third conveyor chain as the test factors.The quadratic polynomial regression model was established by using DesignExpert software.After optimizing the regression model,response surfaces were drawn and the optimal operating parameters of the machine were obtained.Finally,field experiments showed that when the forward speed of the machine was 0.70 m/s,the conveying chain speed of the picking device was 1.10 m/s,the lifting chain speed was 1.20 m/s,and the third conveying chain speed was 1.30 m/s,the potato leakage rate was 2.82%and the potato damage rate was 3.61%,which met the requirements of potato collecting operations.