综合景观管理:理论范式、行动框架与应用探索

Integrated landscape management:theoretical paradigm,practice framework,and application

综合景观管理是面向“人与自然和谐共生”“社会-经济-自然复合生态系统协同高质量发展”的时代命题,实现生态环境修复与农户生计改善目标双赢、自然景观质量与居民福祉水平协同提升的理论与实践框架。遵循生态与生计包容性发展理念,基于国外综合景观管理的理论成果与项目实践,通过综合景观管理的语义结构剖析、价值逻辑梳理、理论范式呈现、行动框架建构与应用实践探索,为中国生态治理体系和治理能力现代化提供新视域。研究结果表明:第一,综合景观管理是协同实现农业生产、生态系统保护、可持续自然资源管理、人类健康和福祉等多重目标的战略框架。第二,综合景观管理是践行“绿水青山就是金山银山”理念的直接体现,协调“生产空间-生活空间-生态空间”的具体实践,协同增进“生态安全-生产安全-生计安全”的最佳办法,“自上而下”与“自下而上”融合调适的治理制度。第三,综合景观管理是多目标协同、多主体对话、多尺度联动、多行动链接、多环节调适的生态治理复合逻辑。第四,综合景观管理是确定问题清单与相关主体、明晰行动目标与治理措施、设计管理方案与支持机制、实施综合行动与监测评估等组成的生态治理系统行动。基于上述结论,该研究结合中国退耕还林工程的运行实践,嵌入综合景观管理的理论范式与行动框架,科学反思退耕还林工程政策的可能性改进方向,为综合景观管理提供实践例证。

Integrated landscape management is a timely answer to China's missions of achieving‘harmony between humanity and na⁃ture’and‘synergistic high-quality development of social-economic-natural complex ecosystems.’It is also a theoretical and practical framework for achieving the goals of ecological restoration,farmer livelihood improvement,and the synergistic improvement of the quali⁃ty of the natural landscape and the well-being of residents.Following the concept of ecological and livelihood inclusive development and based on the theoretical and practical achievements of integrated landscape management overseas,this study provides a new per⁃spective for the modernization of China's ecological governance system and governance capacity through the analysis of semantic struc⁃ture,value logic,the theoretical paradigm,the action framework,and the practice of integrated landscape management.The main find⁃ings include:First,integrated landscape management is a strategic framework for synergistically achieving the multiple goals of agricul⁃tural production,ecosystem conservation,sustainable natural resource management,and human health and well-being.Second,integrat⁃ed landscape management is a direct manifestation of the concept that‘lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets,’a con⁃crete practice of‘production space−living space−ecological space’coordination,the best way to enhance‘ecological security−produc⁃tion security−livelihood security,’and a governance system that achieves‘top-down’and‘bottom-up’integration and adaptation.Third,integrated landscape management is a composite logic of ecological governance with multi-objective synergy,multi-objective dia⁃logue,multi-scale interaction,multi-action connectivity,and multi-link adaptation.Fourth,integrated landscape management is an eco⁃logical governance system action consisting of identifying the list of problems and related subjects,clarifying action goals and gover⁃nance measures,designing management programs and support mechanisms,and implementing integrated actions and assessments.Based on the above conclusions,this study embeds the theoretical paradigm and action framework of integrated landscape management in the context of the operational practice of the Grain to Green Program in China,reflects scientifically on the possible improvement di⁃rections of the Grain to Green Program,and provides practical examples for integrated landscape management.