2018-2022年广东省广宁县预防接种疫苗异常反应分析与对策研究

Analysis and Countermeasures Research of Abnormal Response to Vaccination in Guangning County, Guangdong from 2018 to 2022

目的调查2018—2022年广东省广宁县疑似预防接种疫苗异常反应(AEFI)并制定干预对策。方法选取2018年1月—2022年12月来自广东省广宁县18个疫苗接种点的578例AEFI患者作为研究对象,收集患者相关临床资料,统计异常反应发生率及疫苗类型分布情况,分析AEFI的相关影响因素,制定合理干预对策。结果2018—2022年广东省广宁县预防接种疫苗异常反应发生率为2.25%(13/578),其中男性7例(58.33%),女性6例(41.67%);异常反应类型分别为过敏反应(9例)、卡介苗淋巴结炎(1例)、无菌性脓肿(2例),局部化脓性感染(1例)。单因素分析显示,接种途径及接种疫苗种类是AEFI的相关影响因素(P<0.05),年龄、性别及人群分类不是AEFI的相关影响因素(P>0.05)。结论2018—2022年广东省广宁县预防接种疫苗异常反应发生率较低,应针对常见异常反应及相应疫苗类型重点制定相应预防措施,并对出现疑似异常反应患儿进行及时干预处理,以确保疫苗接种安全。

Objective To investigate suspected adverse reactions to vaccination(AEFI)in Guangning County,Guangdong from 2018 to 2022 and develop intervention strategies.Methods The paper chose 578 AEFI patients from 18 vaccination sites in Guangning County,Guangdong from January 2018 to December 2022 as research subjects,collected clinical related data of patients,analyzed incidence of abnormal reactions and distribution of vaccine types statistically,analyzed relevant influencing factors of AEFI,and formulated reasonable intervention strategies.Results Incidence of abnormal reactions to vaccination in Guangning County,Guangdong from 2018 to 2022 was 2.25%(13/578),with 7 males(58.33%)and 6 females(41.67%).Types of abnormal reactions were allergic reactions(9 cases),BCG lymphadenitis(1 case),sterile abscesses(2 cases)and local purulent infections(1 case).Univariate analysis showed route of vaccination and type of vaccine administered was relevant influencing factors of AEFI(P<0.05),while age,gender,and population classification was not relevant influencing factors of AEFI(P>0.05).Conclusion Incidence of abnormal reactions to preventive vaccination in Guangning County,Guangdong from 2018 to 2022 was relatively low.Therefore,corresponding preventive measures should be focused on common abnormal reactions and corresponding vaccine types,and intervention should be taken for children with suspected abnormal reactions timely to ensure vaccine safety.