壳聚糖及季铵化壳聚糖作为疫苗佐剂的研究进展

Research progress of chitosan and quaternized chitosan as vaccine adjuvant

佐剂是当前诸多新型疫苗发挥保护作用的关键因素。佐剂的添加既可减少抗原使用量,又可增加抗原的免疫原性,激发机体强有力的免疫反应。壳聚糖作为天然多糖甲壳素脱除部分乙酰基的产物,具有黏附性、渗透性、生物相容性等特性,其有作为疫苗佐剂的优势,被广泛研究和应用。壳聚糖作为新型佐剂不仅可协助诱导细胞免疫和体液免疫,也可激活黏膜免疫。本文就壳聚糖及季铵化壳聚糖作为疫苗佐剂的最新研究进展以及相关机制作一综述。

Adjuvant is the key factor for many new vaccines to play a protective role.The addition of adjuvant can not only reduce the amount of antigen,but also increase the immunogenicity of its antigen,and stimulate the strong immune response of body.Chitosan,as the product of natural polysaccharide chitin removing part of acetyl group,has the characteristics of adhesion,permeability,biocompatibility and so on,and has been widely studied and applied as a vaccine adjuvant.As a novel adjuvant,it can not only help to induce cellular and humoral immunity,but also activate mucosal immunity.This review discussed the recent progress of chitosan and quaternized chitosan as vaccine adjuvants and the related mechanism.