2020年-2022年西南某地区新生儿听力筛查结果及状况分析

Analysis of Newborn Hearing Screening Results and Status in a Region of Southwest China from 2020 to 2022

目的 分析近3年西南某地区新生儿听力筛查初、复筛结果,为深入开展本地区新生儿听力筛查工作提供参考。方法 对2020年1月1日-2022年12月31日西南某地区出生的85 164例活产新生儿采用耳声发射进行普遍听力筛查,未通过者于出生后42天进行复筛,仍未通过者转诊至新生儿听力障碍诊治分中心进行听力诊断。各区县具有新生儿听力筛查资质的医疗机构定时汇总并上报初、复筛数据,根据年报资料数据,录入各区县的数据统计结果,计算出初、复筛率,初、复筛通过率,采用χ2检验对不同区县普通、高危因素新生儿的筛查结果进行分析与比较。结果 2020年-2022年西南某地区86563例新生儿中完成听力初筛85 164例,筛查率98.38%,初筛通过率89.72%,复筛率84.62%,复筛通过率91.65%。该地区由3区4县构成,近3年,古蔺县初筛、复筛通过率为97.74%,81.02%;叙永县初筛、复筛通过率为94.74%,95.10%;合江县初筛、复筛通过率为95.73%,88.73%;泸县初筛、复筛通过率为92.24%,86.47%;纳溪区初筛、复筛通过率为86.26%,80.43%;江阳区初筛、复筛通过率为79.20%,99.89%;龙马潭区初筛、复筛通过率为90.50%,65.08%。该地区7个区县间初筛通过率及复筛通过率有统计学差异(P<0.05)。是否有高危因素组间新生儿听力初筛通过率有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论 2020年-2022年西南某地区各区县新生儿听力初筛率均达到指南要求。但各区县间筛查结果有明显差异,还需进一步落实各级培训,优化筛查流程,加强孕期管理及随访复查等工作。

Objectives To analyze the results of initial and repeat newborn hearing screening results in a regionof southwest China in the past three years, and provide a reference for the further development of newborn hearingscreening in the region. Methods A total of 85,164 live newborns born from January 1st, 2020 to December 31st,2022 in southwest China were subjected to universal hearing screening by otoacoustic emission. Those who failed thescreening were re-screened 42 days after birth, and those who still failed the screening were referred to thesub-center for diagnosis and treatment of neonatal hearing disorders for hearing diagnosis. Medical institutionsqualified for neonatal hearing screening in various districts and counties regularly summarize and report thepreliminary and re-screening data. According to the annual data, the statistical results of each district and countywere entered to calculate the preliminary and re-screening rates and the pass rates of preliminary and re-screening.χ2 test was used to analyze and compare the screening results of newborns with common and high-risk factors indifferent districts and counties. Results From 2020 to 2022, 85,164 primary hearing screenings were completedamong 86,563 newborns in a region of southwest China, with a screening rate of 98.38%, a primary screening passrate of 89.72%, a re-screening rate of 84.62% and a re-screening pass rate of 91.65%. The region consists of 3districts and 4 counties. In the past 3 years, the pass rates of primary and secondary screening in Gulin County were97.74% and 81.02%;the pass rates of primary and secondary screening in Xuyong County were 94.74% and95.10%;the pass rates of primary and secondary screening in Hejiang County were 95.73% and 88.73%;the pass rates of primary and secondary screening in Luxian County were 92.24% and 86.47%;the pass rates of primary andsecondary screening in Naxi District were 86.26%, 80.43%;The pass rates of primary screening and re-screeningin Jiangyang District were 79.20% and 99.89%, while the pass rates of primary screening and re-screening inLongmatan District were 90.50% and 65.08%. There was a statistical difference between the seven districts andcounties in the region in terms of the pass rate of primary screening and re-screening (P<0.05). There was astatistically significant difference between the groups with and without high-risk factors (P< 0.05). ConclusionsFrom 2020 to 2022, the primary screening rate of newborn hearing in all districts and counties of a certain region insouthwest China met the requirements of the guideline. However, there were significant differences in the screeningresults among counties and districts, and it was necessary to further implement training at all levels, optimize thescreening process, strengthen pregnancy management and follow-up review.