中国与东南亚合作应对电信网络诈骗犯罪策略优化:结构性错位与现代化融合

Optimized Countermeasures of C Optimized Countermeasures of China and hina and Southeast Asian Countries In Responding to Telecom Fraud In Responding to Telecom Fraud:Structural Dislocation and Modernization Integration

跨境电信诈骗犯罪是一种全新的高智商高科技型犯罪,当前各国犯罪侦破和司法审查仍处于经验积累阶段。近年来,部分东南亚国家尤其是澜沧江—湄公河流域国家电信网络诈骗案发数量骤增。中国公安机关会同海关总署等部门通过与缅甸等国家执法部门开展大规模反电诈行动,在缅北等地区取得阶段性成果,但电信诈骗犯罪活动仍有较大活动空间,且有向司法监管薄弱国家或地区转移的趋势,这种以境外第三国为犯罪源头,专门针对境内外中国公民财产为诈骗目标的新型网络犯罪亟需予以持续关注。新型网络电信诈骗团伙对社会经济安全、公民财产安全产生持续系统性威胁。跨境电信诈骗犯罪组织具有高科技化、善变多变和反侦查意识强等特征,电信诈骗犯罪在各国间面临罪与非罪的差异、罪名与刑罚的差异,各国间法治差异、应对的不对称性和结构性错位问题给跨国电信诈骗治理带来障碍,同时也存在跨境证据收集原则差异与证据转化难问题。文章提出按照预防为先的应对思路,加快构建涉外法治体系为切入,共同推进国家间涉外法治现代化融合发展,深化跨境侦防一体化建设与完善跨境诉讼制度。通过跨境“侦查—防范”体系的涉外法治与国际法治保障相结合,立法上扩大跨境技术侦查的证据来源范畴,优化跨境证据转化和有效利用,统筹协调预防犯罪,密切双边法治合作基础,推动澜沧江—湄公河次区域各国大数据警务合作发展,共同提升跨境电信诈骗犯罪治理效能。

Transnational telecom fraud is a new type of crime with high intelligence and high technology.At present,crime detection and judicial review are still in the stage of experience accumulation around the world.In recent years,some Southeast Asian countries,especially the Lancang-Mekong River Basin countries,have seen a sharp increase in the number of telecom network fraud cases.Together with the General Administration of Customs of China and other departments,China's public security departments worked with the law enforcement departments of Myanmar and other countries to carry out large-scale anti-telecom fraud campaigns and made phased achievements in northern Myanmar and other areas,but there is still a trend of telecom fraud shifting towards the countries or regions with weak judicial supervision.This new type of cybercrime,which originates from a third country outside the territory and specifically targets the assets of Chinese citizens both domestically and internationally,needs to be continuously monitored.The new type of online telecom fraud group poses a continuous and systematic threat to social and economic security as well as the safety of citizens'property.They possess the traits of advanced technology,adaptability,and counter-reconnaissance awareness.Telecom fraud crimes vary in legality between countries,differences in charges and penalties.The differences in the legal framework,the asymmetry in response,and the structural dislocation among countries pose obstacles to the governance of transnational telecom fraud.Meanwhile,there are disparities in the principles of cross-border evidence collection and the difficulty of evidence transformation for transnational telecom fraud crimes.It is suggested in the article to accelerate the construction of a legal system related to foreign affairs as an entry point,jointly promote the integrated modernization of the rule of law between countries,strengthen the construction of cross-border investigation and prevention integration,and improve the cross-border litigation system.The combination of the foreign legal framework in the system and the international legal guarantee expands the scope of evidence sources for cross-border technical investigation in legislation and optimizes the transformation and effective use of cross-border evidence for the coordination of crime prevention,which will promote the bilateral police cooperation through big data in Lancang-Mekong subregion countries and jointly improve the effectiveness of transnational telecom fraud crime governance.