基于行动研究法的饮食指导对胃肠道恶性肿瘤化疗患者营养状态的影响

Effect of dietary guidance based on action research method on nutritional status in patients with gastrointestinal malignant tumors undergoing chemotherapy

目的探讨基于行动研究法的饮食指导对胃肠道恶性肿瘤化疗患者营养状态和生活质量的影响。方法选取2020年1月至2021年12月新疆医科大学第一附属医院收治的胃肠道恶性肿瘤化疗患者122例,按照随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组各61例,对照组给予常规护理,观察组在对照组的基础上采用基于行动研究法的饮食指导。比较两组患者的营养知识水平、营养状态、生活质量和不良反应发生率。结果干预后,观察组患者知识—态度—行为问卷(DCNKAPQ)、欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织生命质量测定量表(EORTCQLQ-C30)各维度评分均高于对照组,前白蛋白、血清白蛋白水平和身体质量指数高于对照组(P<0.05);干预后,观察组不良反应总发生率低于对照组(9.84%vs 26.23%,χ^(2)=5.546,P<0.05)。结论采用基于行动研究法的饮食指导能够有效提升胃肠道恶性肿瘤化疗患者的营养知识水平和营养状态,改善其生活质量,降低不良反应的发生率。

Objective To explore the effect of dietary guidance based on action research method on nutritional status and quality of life in patients with gastrointestinal malignant tumors undergoing chemotherapy.Methods A total of 122 patients with gastrointestinal malignant tumors undergoing chemotherapy in The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from January 2020 to December 2021 were selected,and divided into observation group(n=61)and control group(n=61)according to random number table.The control group was given routine nursing,and the observation group was given dietary guidance based on action research method on the basis of the control group.The nutritional knowledge level,nutritional status,quality of life and incidence rate of adverse reactions were compared between two groups.Results After intervention,the scores of Digestive Cancer Patients Nutrition Knowledge,Attitude and Practice Questionnaire(DCNKAPQ)and European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire(EORTC QLQ-C30)in observation group were higher than those in control group(P<0.05).The levels of prealbumin and serum albumin,body mass index in observation group were higher than those in control group(P<0.05).After intervention,the incidence rate of adverse reactions of the observation group was lower than that of the control group(9.84%vs 26.23%,χ^(2)=5.546,P<0.05).Conclusion Dietary guidance based on action research method can effectively enhance the nutritional knowledge level and nutritional status,improve the quality of life,and reduce the incidence rate of adverse reactions in patients with gastrointestinal malignant tumors undergoing chemotherapy.