棉籽粕和菜籽粕内源抗营养因子脱除技术研究进展

Research progress on removal technology of endogenous anti-nutritional factors in cottonseed meal and rapeseed meal

我国非常规蛋白饲料资源丰富,主要包括棉籽粕和菜籽粕等。棉籽粕和菜籽粕的蛋白质含量高,但其中含有游离棉酚、硫代葡萄糖苷、植酸等多种抗营养因子,不仅会影响动物对营养物质的消化吸收,还可能引起营养代谢性疾病,限制了其在畜禽饲料中的广泛应用。抗营养因子的去除方法主要有物理法、化学法及生物法,其中生物法是利用微生物特定的代谢途径和代谢产物将抗营养因子分解。此方法不仅可有效降解和转化棉籽粕和菜籽粕中的抗营养因子,还可提高其消化率,改善适口性,提升饲用营养价值。文章主要综述了棉籽粕和菜籽粕中主要抗营养因子的毒理作用、脱除方法以及微生物发酵棉籽粕和菜籽粕在动物生产中的应用效果,以期为其在畜禽生产中的高效利用提供参考。

Unconventional protein feed resources in China are abundant,primarily including cottonseed meal and rapeseed meal.Cottonseed meal and rapeseed meal have high protein content,but the presence of various anti-nutritional factors,such as free gossypol,thioglucosides,and phytic acid.They not only affect the digestion and absorption of nutrients in animals but can also lead to metabolic diseases,limiting their widespread application in livestock and poultry feed.Methods for removing anti-nutritional factors mainly include physical,chemical,and biological approaches.Among them,microbial fermentation utilizes specific metabolic pathways and metabolites of microorganisms to decompose anti-nutritional factors.This method effectively degrades and transforms the anti-nutritional factors in cottonseed meal and rapeseed meal,improving their digestibility and palatability and enhancing their nutritional value as feed.The article primarily reviews the toxic effects and removal methods of the main anti-nutritional factors in cottonseed meal and rapeseed meal,as well as the application effects of microbial fermentation of these meals in animal production.The aim is to provide reference information for improving the quality and efficiency of livestock and poultry production.