打通学术研究与公共政策的“最后一公里”——知识中介的内涵、功能及争议

Bridging the"last mile"between academic research and public policy:The connotation,function and controversy of knowledge broker

学术与政治之间存在着“卡普兰鸿沟”,它阻碍着知识向政策的转化,而知识中介的出现则使跨越“卡普兰鸿沟”成为可能。那么,何谓知识中介?它又是如何推动知识向政策转化的?论文首先深度挖掘了知识中介的起源、内涵和类型,然后从“结构洞”理论的视角出发,探讨了知识中介在联结研究与政策的认知网络中所发挥的知识管理功能、桥接功能、双向能力建设功能、寻求一致性功能以及知识导航功能等。然而,知识中介也面临着三个极具争议的问题,即脆弱性、双重边缘性和道德风险。从理论上澄清知识中介问题,对于打通中国学术研究通往公共政策的“最后一公里”有着重要的启示。

The emergence of knowledge broker makes it possible to cross the"Caplan Gap"between academia and politics,which hinders the translation of knowledge into policy.Then,what is knowledge broker?How does it facilitate the transformation of knowledge into policy?The paper first explores the origins,connotations and types of knowledge broker,and then explores the knowledge management function,bridging function,bilateral capacity building function,coherence seeking function and knowledge navigation function of knowledge broker in the alignment network linking academia and politics from the perspective of"structural hole"theory.However,knowledge broker also faces three highly controversial issues,namely,vulnerability,double marginality,and moral hazard.Theoretically clarifying the issue of knowledge broker has important implications for bridging the"last mile"from academic research to public policy in China.