载体材料对厌氧氨氧化工艺运行的影响研究进展

Research Progress on the Impact of Carrier Materials on the Operation of Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation Processes

厌氧氨氧化工艺(Anammox)适用于处理具有温度较高、碳氮比低和氨氮(NH_(4)^(+)-N)浓度高等特点的污水,但是环境变化敏感、耐水利条件变化能力差和毒性物质抗性低等问题限制了Anammox工艺的推广和应用。为了解载体材料对Anammox工艺运行的影响并探究其强化Anammox工艺脱氮效能的机理,综述了主流载体材料强化Anammox工艺脱氮效能的效果和机制,讨论了当前载体材料强化Anammox工艺脱氮效能研究的局限性。结果表明,塑料、无纺布、生物炭和包埋材料等载体通过给Anammox微生物提供良好生境、降低Anammox反应器污泥流失总量、调控环境中亚硝态氮(NO_(2)^(-)-N)和NH_(4)^(+)-N的比例、促进Anammox微生物富集、刺激胞外分泌物产生、提升胞外电子传递效率和提高Anammox微生物抗逆性等途径强化Anammox工艺的脱氮效率。当前,大部分有关载体材料的研究仍局限在实验室阶段,尚未在真实工况下开展实验。今后应在真实工况条件下开展关于使用时间对载体材料稳定性的影响、不同载体材料对Anammox微生物生理活动、群落结构和代谢途径的影响、载体材料成分对出水指标和后续工艺的影响等研究。

The anaerobic ammonium oxidation process(Anammox)is suitable for treating wastewater with the characteristics of high temperature,low carbon-nitrogen ratio and high ammonia nitrogen(NH_(4)^(+)-N)concentration.However,problems such as sensitivity to environmental changes,poor ability to withstand changes in water conservancy conditions,and low resistance to toxic substances limit the promotion and application of the Anammox process.In order to understand the impact of carrier materials on the operation of the Anammox process and explore the mechanism of enhancing the denitrification efficiency of the Anammox process,the effects and mechanisms of mainstream carrier materials in enhancing the denitrification efficiency of the Anammox process were reviewed,and the limitations of carrier materials enhancing the denitrification efficiency of the Anammox process was discussed.The results showed that carriers such as plastics,non-woven fabrics,biochar,and embedding materials provided a good habitat for Anammox microorganisms,reduced the total sludge loss in the Anammox reactor,and regulated the ratio of nitrite nitrogen(NO_(2)--N)and NH_(4)^(+)-N,promoted the enrichment of Anammox microorganisms,stimulated the production of extracellular secretions,improved the efficiency of extracellular electron transfer,and improved the stress resistance of Anammox microorganisms to enhance the denitrification efficiency of the Anammox process.At present,most research on carrier materials is still limited to the laboratory stage,and experiments have not been carried out under real working conditions.In the future,research should be carried out under real working conditions on the impact of use time on the stability of carrier materials,the impact of different carrier materials on the physiological activities,community structure,and metabolic pathways of Anammox microorganisms,and the impact of carrier material components on water effluent indicators and subsequent processes.