梁思成古城整体保护思想溯源

Tracing the Origins of Liang Sicheng’s Philosophies of Integrated Urban Conservation

文章以梁思成的学术生涯为序,在近代建筑学与城市规划学的国际语境中认识其古城整体保护思想,并追溯其思想渊源。梁思成的古城整体保护思想是以中国古代建筑和城市规划研究为基础,以古城整体价值为核心,立足城市疏散的基本立场而形成的:在学院派教育的影响下,梁思成确立了造型艺术视角下的古建筑价值认知;随着建筑史研究的深化和现代城市规划理论的启发,梁思成的研究视野从建筑向城市延伸;赴美考察以后,通过整合此前的学术积累和现代城市规划理论,梁思成提出了古城体形秩序的历史艺术价值和规划价值;基于此,梁思成吸收田园城市、邻里单位(neighborhood unit)和分区规划的思想,提出了疏散规划的古城整体保护方法。

Following Liang Sicheng’s academic career,this study aimed to understand his philosophies of integrated urban conservation in the international context of modern architecture and urban planning,tracing the ideological origins.Liang’s philosophies of integrated urban conservation were formed based on his research of Chinese ancient architecture and urban planning,with the integrated values of historic cities at the core,and urban decentralization as the basic stance.Under the influence of the Beaux-Arts education,Liang understood the values of ancient architecture from the perspective of plastic art.With the development of his architectural history research and inspirations from modern urban planning theories,Liang’s research horizon extended from buildings to cities.After visiting the United States,Liang proposed the historic artistic values and planning values that formed the historic city’s physical order,through integrating previous research and modern urban planning theories.Based on these,Liang adopted planning philosophies of garden cities,neighborhood units and zoning,and proposed a decentralized planning approach to integrated urban conservation.