工业与建筑固废高效利用混凝土及其工程结构防灾研究

Research progress on efficient utilization of solid waste in concrete and disaster prevention of engineering structures

我国工业固废与建筑拆除固废存量巨大,且固废产生量逐年增加,固废堆存造成的滑坡灾害、环境污染灾害和占用大范围场地给可持续发展带来了挑战。此外,历次大地震造成房屋倒塌也产生大量的建筑固废,如何将这些建筑固废在灾后重建中高效利用,引发国内外学者的广泛关注。目前利用这些固废制备混凝土是具有重要价值和前景的方案,采用工业固废、建筑固废、工业和建筑固废制备的混凝土被统称为固废混凝土,其中利用后两者制备的混凝土也被称为再生混凝土。固废高效利用混凝土有3层含义,即固废胶凝材料和固废骨料性能提升、高固废掺量混凝土、固废混凝土在工程结构中根据受力需求合理利用。综述了不同建筑固废和工业固废的物化特性,概述了不同固废材料对混凝土力学性能和耐久性能的影响,在归纳固废混凝土构件及结构抗震性能、抗火性能研究结果的基础上,对固废混凝土结构防灾技术研究的发展进行了展望。

China grapples with a substantial stockpile of industrial solid waste and construction demolition waste,with the annual production of solid waste showing an upward trend.The storage of the waste poses significant challenges to sustainable development,leading to issues like landslides,environmental disasters,and extensive land occupation.Major earthquakes exacerbate the problem,causing building collapses and generating a substantial amount of construction solid waste.Both domestic and international scholars are observing how to effectively utilize this construction solid waste in post-disaster reconstruction.The current focal point is on leveraging these solid wastes to produce concrete,presenting a valuable and promising solution.The term“solid waste concrete”encompasses concrete prepared from industrial solid waste,construction solid waste,and a combination of industrial and construction solid waste.Additionally,concrete derived from the latter two sources is specifically termed recycled concrete.The efficient utilization of solid waste in concrete holds three key implications:enhancing the properties of solid waste cementitious materials and aggregates,creating concrete with a high solid waste content,and judiciously applying solid waste concrete in engineering structures based on stress requirements.This article delivers a comprehensive review of the physicochemical characteristics of various construction and industrial solid wastes.It delves into the impact of different solid waste materials on the mechanical and durability properties of concrete.Furthermore,building on the synthesis of research outcomes related to the seismic performance and fire resistance of solid waste concrete components and structures,the article anticipates the future development of research on disaster-resistant technologies for structures constructed with solid waste concrete.