地震易发区传统村落空间分布特征及灾害韧性评价

Spatial distribution characteristics and disaster resilience assessment of traditional villages in earthquake-prone areas

在全球气候变化背景下,我国地震易发区的传统村落正面临来自地震、气象和地质等多维灾害的侵扰。选择四川省地震易发区内179个传统村落为研究对象,围绕灾害韧性理论,从宏观、中观和微观3个尺度构建涵盖了社会、文化、环境、生态、建筑和区位6个维度的传统村落灾害韧性评价框架和指标体系,定量评价了研究区传统村落在不同空间分布下的灾害韧性水平。研究区内传统村落主要沿河(沟)谷地带分布,按地形特征,可分为高原山地区和平原丘陵地区传统村落,两者在地理区位、地形起伏度及集聚程度上皆表现出较大的差异;研究区传统村落灾害韧性整体偏低,且空间差异性显著。高原山地区约83.33%的传统村落处于低或较低的灾害韧性等级,仅在文化和建筑2个维度上的韧性水平高于平原丘陵地区,而平原丘陵地区传统村落在社会、环境、生态和区位4个维度上的韧性水平均高于高原山地区。研究构建了一套针对地震灾害易发区的传统村落灾害韧性评价指标体系,以期为提升传统村落综合防灾减灾能力提供参考。

Under the background of global climate change,traditional villages in earthquake-prone areas are facing multi-dimensional hazards from earthquakes,weather conditions,and geology disturbances.This study focuses on 179 traditional villages located in the earthquake-prone areas of Sichuan Province.Based on the theory of disaster resilience,a framework and indicator system for evaluating the disaster resilience of traditional villages were constructed at macro,meso,and micro scales,covering six dimensions including society culture,environment,ecology,architecture,and location.The study quantitatively evaluated the disaster resilience levels of traditional villages in the study areas under different spatial distributions.Traditional villages in the study areas are primarily distributed along river valleys,and based on topographical characteristics,they can be divided into highland mountain areas and plain hilly areas,which show significant differences in geographic location,topographic fluctuation and agglomeration degree.The overall level of disaster resilience of traditional villages in the study area is relatively low,and there is a significant spatial difference.Approximately 83.33%of traditional villages in highland mountain areas are in low or relatively low levels of disaster resilience,with only cultural and architectural dimensions showing higher resilience levels compared to plain hilly areas,while traditional villages in plain hilly areas have higher resilience levels in the social,environmental,ecological,and locational dimensions compared to highland mountain areas.This study establishes an evaluation indicator system for the disaster resilience of traditional villages in earthquake-prone areas,aiming to provide reference for enhancing the comprehensive disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities of traditional villages.