考虑消费券刺激的供应链柔性契约优化研究

Optimization of Supply Chain Flexibility Contract Considering Consumer Vouchers Stimulation

目的针对政府及相关部门通过大量发放消费券刺激消费的经济现象,探究消费券刺激消费者需求状态转移如何影响供应链上下游企业采购与定价决策。方法引入数量柔性契约并通过构建博弈模型,比较研究消费券刺激需求状态是否转移两种情形下供应链采购决策问题。首先,求解出不考虑消费刺激需求状态转移时的最优柔性采购量和最优批发价格,并阐述决策变量关于回购价格、库存成本、生产成本、零售价格等相关参数的相关性;然后,以消费券刺激需求适中转移至需求强烈状态为例,求解出考虑消费刺激需求状态转移时的最优柔性采购量和最优批发价格,并且发现最优柔性采购量与一步转移概率正相关,而最优批发价格却与一步转移概率负相关;最后,比较分析了两种情形下零售商以及供应商的决策结果。结果研究结论表明:考虑消费券刺激需求状态转移时,零售商最优柔性采购量大于未考虑消费券刺激需求状态转移情形,供应商最优批发价格小于未考虑消费券刺激需求状态情形。结论考虑消费券刺激需求状态转移进行采购与定价决策增加了零售商收益;引入数量柔性机制有利于提高供应链成员的应急能力。

Objective Given the economic phenomenon that the government and relevant departments stimulate consumption by issuing a large number of consumer vouchers,this study explores how the transfer in consumer demand state due to the stimulus of consumer vouchers affects the purchasing and pricing decisions of upstream and downstream enterprises in the supply chain.Methods By introducing quantity-flexible contracts and constructing a game model,the purchasing decisions in the supply chain were compared and studied under two scenarios of whether the stimulus of consumer vouchers caused a transfer in the demanding state or not.Firstly,the optimal flexible purchasing quantity and optimal wholesale price were solved without considering the transfer in the demand state stimulated by consumption,and the relevance of decision variables to parameters such as repurchase price,inventory cost,production cost,and retail price was explained.Then,taking the example of a moderate demand due to the stimulus of consumer vouchers transferring to a strong one,the optimal flexible purchasing quantity and the optimal wholesale price were solved by considering the transfer in the demand state due to the stimulus.It was found that the optimal flexible purchasing quantity was positively correlated with the one-step transfer probability,while the optimal wholesale price was negatively correlated with the one-step transfer probability.Finally,the decision results of retailers and suppliers were compared and analyzed under the two scenarios.Results The research findings indicate that when considering the transfer of demand state due to the stimulus of consumer vouchers,the optimal flexible purchasing quantity of retailers was greater than that without considering the transfer,and the optimal wholesale price of suppliers was lower than that without considering the stimulus.Conclusion The consideration of the transfer of demand state due to the stimulus of consumer vouchers in purchasing and pricing decisions increases the profit of retailers,and the introduction of quantity-flexible mechanisms helps improve the emergency response capability of supply chain members.