分子量影响多糖生物活性的研究进展

Advances in research of molecular weight affecting the bioactivities of polysaccharides

多糖作为生物医药和食品加工与生产中广泛使用的高分子聚合物之一,具有抗肿瘤、免疫调节、降血糖、抗氧化、抑菌等生物活性。越来越多的学者从动物、微生物和植物中分离与纯化多糖并对其生物活性及应用进行研究。多糖的生物活性受单糖组成、分子量、糖苷键类型、分支度、空间构象等多种因素影响,如何实现活性多糖的设计、构建、筛选和高效生产一直是多糖研究的重点和难点。基于分子量与多糖生物活性的构效关系进行综述,介绍分子量对多糖抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抗炎、益生、免疫调节和抑菌等活性的影响,并对由分子量差异造成的多糖生物活性变化进行了讨论和展望,以期为从分子量角度改善多糖生物活性的研究及应用提供理论参考。

Polysaccharide is one of the globally recognized micro-molecules used in biomedicine,food preparation and production,which has the bioactivities of anti-tumor,immunomodulatory,hypoglycemic,antioxidant and anti-bacteria.Recently,more and more researchers have studied the bioactivities and applications of polysaccharides derived from animals,microorganisms and plants.In general,bioactivities of polysaccharides are affected by the monosaccharide composition,molecular weight,glycosidic type,branching degree and spatial conformation in which.However,how to realize the design,construction,screening and efficient production of bioactive polysaccharides has always been the focus and difficulty of polysaccharide research.Therefore,based on the relationship between molecular weight and bioactivities of polysaccharide,the effects of molecular weight on antioxidant,anti-tumor,anti-inflammatory,probiotic,immunomodulatory and bacteriostatic activities of polysaccharides were introduced.Furthermore,this review discussed and prospected the variation of polysaccharide bioactivities induced by its molecular weight differences.In conclusion,we hope that this work could provide some theoretical references for the future research and application of bioactive polysaccharides from the perspective of molecular weight.