反垄断检察民事公益诉讼与行政执法衔接机制研究

Research on the Connection Mechanism between Civil Public Interest Litigation and Administrative Law Enforcement in Anti-Monopoly Prosecutors

通过建立检察民事公益诉讼制度弥补中国现行反垄断法公共实施和私人实施不足,是2022年《反垄断法》修订的一大亮点,契合反垄断法维护消费者利益和社会公共利益的立法目标,也是中国检察机关行使法律监督职能和公益维护职能的重要体现。但是,中国新建立的反垄断检察民事公益诉讼制度存在性质定位不明、法条设计简单、程序缺乏可操作性等问题,尤其是民事公益诉讼与行政执法之间的定位与衔接问题,直接影响该制度的正确实施。通过对反垄断检察民事公益诉讼的法学与经济学理论梳理,分析中国反垄断检察民事公益诉讼制度实施存在的现实困境,发现反垄断检察民事公益诉讼制度需要从实体法和程序法两个方面进行制度重构,合理设计反垄断检察民事公益诉讼与反垄断行政执法的衔接机制,才能在尊重反垄断行政执法基本规律的基础上充分发挥检察民事公益诉讼的监督功能,提高执法效率,节约司法资源,确保反垄断法实施的系统性和协调性。通过“法法衔接”进一步体现反垄断检察民事公益诉讼兼顾公益性和私益性的特点,达到弥补单个主体损失实现维护消费者福利和社会公共利益的目的。

The establishment of a procuratorial civil public interest litigation system to compensate for the insufficient public and private implementations of China's current anti-monopoly law is a major highlight of the revision of the anti-monopoly law in 2022,which is in line with the legislative goal of safeguarding consumer interests and social public interests under the anti-monopoly law.It is also an important manifestation of China's procuratorial organs exercising legal supervision and public interest maintenance functions.However,the newly established anti-monopoly procuratorial civil public interest litigation system in China has suchproblems as unclear nature positioning,simpler legal provisions design,and lack of operability in procedures,especially the positioning and connection between civil public interest litigation and administrative law enforcement,which directly affects the correct implementation of the system.By reviewing the legal and economic theories of civil public interest litigation in anti-monopoly prosecution,this paper analyzes the practical difficulties in the implementation of China's anti-monopoly prosecution civil public interest litigation system.The findings show that the anti-monopoly prosecution civil public interest litigation system needs to be restructured from two aspects:the substantive law and the procedural law.Only by rationally designing a connection mechanism between the anti-monopoly prosecution civil public interest litigation and the anti-monopoly administrative law enforcement,canwe fully leverage the supervisory function of the civil public interest litigation by prosecutors,improve law enforcement efficiency,save judicial resources,and ensure the systematic and coordinated implementation of the anti-monopoly law on the basis of respecting the basic laws of anti-monopoly administrative law enforcement.Through the integration of the two laws,the characteristics of balancing public interest and private interest in civil public interest litigation of anti-monopoly prosecution can be further reflected,so as to reach the goal of compensating for the losses of individual subjects and safeguarding consumer welfare and social public interests.