浅析当下文物保护的实体封护理念与科学问题

Concept and Scientific Issues of Sealing Protection of Cultural Relics

随着业内对文物保护优化方式的广泛关注,亟需对不同文物保护理念进行探索,对文物保护手段科学依据进行研究。本文从“封护”这一文物保护的重要流程出发,探索了古人朴素的封护理念背后的科学依据与文化内涵,列举了不同的传统封护形式,并剖析了古代不同封护方式背后的科学原理;论证了现代文物保护中实体封护的基本定义,并根据文物保护中所涉及封护材料与封护对象的差异将各类封护手段进行了全新的规整与划分。采用文献法、类比法与文化因素分析法等研究方法,以不同的文物保护实例为支撑,探讨了封护材料的可再处理性、封护材料与文物实体材料的匹配性、文物封护界面环境的动态平衡问题、文物封护膜孔隙尺寸的直接意义、文物封护膜表面张力对封护效益的影响、文物封护膜的透气性、文物封护膜耐老化能力及降解产物与文物实体材料的关系问题、文物封护膜对文物实体内部水盐运移的影响等八个问题,详尽论证了文物实体封护理念背后的科学问题。

From the perspective of the important process of“sealing protection”in the protection of cultural relics,this article explores the scientific basis and cultural connotations behind the simple sealing protection concept of the ancients,lists different traditional sealing protection forms,and analyzes the scientific principles behind different ancient sealing protection methods.The basic definition of physical sealing protection in modern cultural relic protection has been demonstrated,and various sealing protection methods have been reorganized and divided based on the differences between the sealing protection materials and objects involved in cultural relic protection.In addition,this article adopts scientific research methods such as literature review,analogy,and cultural factor analysis.Supported by different examples of cultural relic protection,it explores the reprocessing ability of sealing protection materials,the matching between sealing protection materials and cultural relic physical materials,the dynamic balance problem of cultural relic sealing protection interface environment,the direct significance of pore size of cultural relic sealing films,and the impact of surface tension of cultural relic sealing films on sealing efficiency,the breathability of cultural relics sealing films,the aging resistance of cultural relics sealing films,the relation between degradation products and cultural relics physical materials,and the impact of cultural relics sealing films on the internal water and salt transport of cultural relics physical materials,demonstrating the scientific issues behind the concept of cultural relics physical protection in detail.“Sealing”is a method of placing cultural relics in a relatively closed state;and“protection”is the purpose of protecting them from harm.This article abandons the exploration of new cultural relic protection methods,and instead conducts scientific research on the traditional physical sealing protection of cultural relics.It explores the historical origins behind“sealing protection,”summarizes and discusses objective factors that affect the effectiveness of“sealing protection,”and uses examples to demonstrate the ways in which different factors affect the quality of cultural relic sealing protection.This improves the performance of sealing protection materials and the study of basic theories of cultural relic protection,and promotes scientific development in the field of cultural relics protection.