中国劳动力要素扭曲测算、时空演变特征及区域差异研究

Research on the Calculation of Labor Factor Distortion,Spatial and Temporal Evolution Characteristics and Regional Differences in China

基于劳动力要素价格扭曲和配置扭曲双重视角,运用生产函数、Moran-I指数等方法对2010-2021年中国劳动力要素扭曲程度进行测算及时空演变特征分析,并运用Dagum基尼系数进一步分析劳动力要素扭曲的区域差异。研究结果表明:第一,从时序变动来看,劳动力要素配置扭曲和价格扭曲程度总体上都呈现下降态势,且存在较为明显的区域差异;第二,从空间分布和空间相关性特征看,劳动力要素配置扭曲程度总体上沿着“东部→中部→西部→东北”方向呈现加剧的空间分布特征;劳动力要素价格扭曲程度的空间分布呈现圈层结构,即沿着“西部→中部→东部→东北”由内向外逐渐加强分布;要素扭曲程度与空间分布存在显著正相关性,且呈现不断弱化态势;第三,从区域差异及分解来看,中国四大地区要素配置扭曲程度区域总体差异呈现扩大趋势,而价格扭曲程度区域总体差异呈现缩小趋势;区域总体差异主要来源都是区域间差异。这些结论有助于深化劳动力要素市场化改革、提高配置效率,促进“双循环”新发展格局形成。

Based on the dual perspectives of labor factor price distortion and allocation distortion,measure the degree of labor factor distortion in China from 2010 to 2021 with production function,Moran-I index and other methods,analyze the characteristics of spatial and temporal evolution,and further analyze the regional differences of labor factor distortion with Dagum Gini coefficient.The results show that:From the perspective of time series changes,the degree of labor factor allocation distortion and price distortion generally show a downward trend,and there are obvious regional differences.From the perspective of spatial distribution and spatial correlation characteristics,the degree of distortion of labor factor allocation generally shows an intensified spatial distribution along the direction of"eastern→central→western→northeast".The spatial distribution of the degree of labor factor price distortion shows a circle structure along"western→central→eastern→northeast",whose distribution is gradually strengthened from inside to outside.There is a significant positive correlation between the degree of factor distortion and spatial distribution,and it shows a weakening trend.From the perspective of regional differences and decomposition,the overall regional differences in the degree of factor allocation distortion in the four major regions of China show an expanding trend,while the overall regional differences in the degree of price distortion show a decreasing trend.The main sources of overall regional differences are inter-regional differences.These findings is helpful to strengthen the market transformation of labor factors,enhance allocation efficiency and stimulate the emergence of a new"dual circulation"development pattern.