2016-2021年黄淮南部区试大豆品系(种)产量性状的比较分析

Comparative analysis of yield traits for soybean varieties tested in southern Huang-Huai region from 2016 to 2021

为在黄淮南部合理布局大豆高产品种,对2016-2021年黄淮南部177份参试大豆品系(种)的产量及主要农艺性状在不同年份、不同省份试点、不同来源及主要不同育种单位间的差异进行研究和相关性分析。结果显示,大豆产量相关农艺性状中变异幅度最大的是有效分枝,其次是株高和底荚高度,全生育期变异幅度最小。2016-2021年参试大豆品系(种)不同年份平均产量变化范围为2735.00~2918.00 kg·hm^(-2),平均产量最高的年份为2020年;参试大豆品系(种)在四个不同省份试点中,大豆品系(种)产量与单株粒重均呈极显著正相关,山东试点品系(种)株高、主茎节数、有效荚数、单株粒数、单株粒重和百粒重均高于其它试点,平均产量最高,达3156.32 kg·hm^(-2);安徽试点的平均产量最低,仅为2471.15 kg·hm^(-2);主要不同来源参试大豆品系(种)平均产量与单株粒重均呈极显著正相关,平均产量最高的是河南,平均产量为2927.41 kg·hm^(-2),其次是来源于江苏的品系(种);主要不同育种单位中,平均产量最高的选育单位是河南省农业科学院经济作物研究所,所选育的大豆品系(种)平均产量为3063.87 kg·hm^(-2),其在河南和山东试点的平均产量高达3100.42和3491.20 kg·hm^(-2)。研究结果表明黄淮南部不同省份之间大豆产量差异主要与区域有关,不同年份、不同来源及主要不同育种单位间的大豆品系(种)产量也有一定的差异。

To appropriate soybeans arrangement in southern Huang-Huai region and to improve the development of high-yield breeding,yield and main agronomic traits of 177 varieties from different origins were evaluated and analyzed in southern Huang-Huai region in 2016-2021.Results showed that the number of effective branches exhibited the greatest variation among the traits,followed by plant height,and bottom pod height.In contrast,the whole growth period showed the smallest variation.The average yield for the testing varieties ranged greatly from 2735.00-2918.00 kg·hm^(-2) during 2016-2021,with the highest average yield in 2020.Among different provinces,yield had extremely significant positive relation with seed weight per plant.Varieties tested in Shandong sites showed higher plant height,main stem node number,number of effective pod,seeds number per plant,seed weight per plant,and 100-seed weight than others,reaching 3156.32 kg·hm^(-2) for average yield.Varieties at Anhui sites showed the lowest in average yield(2471.15 kg·hm^(-2)).The correlation analysis showed that the average yield had extremely significant positive relation with seed weight per plant from different-originated varieties.Variety with the highest average yield(2927.41 kg·hm^(-2))was found in Henan,followed by that from Jiangsu.Among the breeding sectors,the varieties with the highest average yields(3063.87 kg·hm^(-2))came from the Institute of Industrial Crops at Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,with average yield of 3100.42 kg·hm^(-2) and 3491.20 kg·hm^(-2) in Henan and Shandong sites respectively.Results also showed that soybean yield differed greatly among different provinces in southern Huang-Huai,and it was tightly associated with local cultivation environments as years,origins and genetic backgrounds of varieties.