“后疫情时代”临床护士工作压力的混合性研究

Mixed research on the work stress of clinical nurses in the"Post-Epidemic Era"

目的 了解“后疫情时代”临床护士的工作压力及来源。方法 本研究为量性和质性的混合研究,于2023年1月采用一般资料表、中国护士压力源量表对山东省2所三甲医院共79名临床护士的压力水平进行调查,并对其中13名护士进行半结构化访谈,访谈提纲包括是否有压力、压力的来源和影响等。结果 量性研究结果:79名护士压力总分为(2.73±0.42)分,处于中等偏上水平,时间分配及工作量问题维度得分最高,为(3.22±0.60)分,不同特征临床护士工作压力差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。质性研究结果:共提炼4个主题:(1)工作量剧增是目前临床护士的主要压力源。(2)工作家庭矛盾凸显影响了临床护士的工作状态。(3)护患沟通难度大增加了临床护士的心理压力。(4)社会支持有效缓解护士压力。结论 “后疫情时代”后临床护士工作压力水平较高,政府及医院领导可以通过防止医疗资源挤兑、合理护理人力配置、进行适当心理疏导以及提供有效社会支持等方法缓解临床护士工作压力。

Objective To understand the work pressure of clinical nurses in the"Post-Epidemic Era"and its sources.Methods This study was a mixed quantitative and qualitative study.A total of 79 clinical nurses from 2 ClassⅢGrade A hospitals in Shandong province were investigated with the Chinese Nurse Stressor Scale,and 13 of them were interviewed by semi-structured interview which interview outline included whether there was pressure,the source and influence of pressure in January 2023.Results The results of quantitative research showed that the total score of 79 nurses'stress was(2.73±0.42)points,which was at the upper middle level.The dimension of time allocation and workload had the highest score,which was(3.22±0.60)points.There was no significant difference in the work stress of clinical nurses with different characteristics(P>0.05).The results of qualitative research showed that a total of 5 themes were extracted,which was as followed:The sharp increase in workload was the main source of stress for clinical nurses at present,the prominent work-family conflicts had affected the working status of clinical nurses,the great difficulty in nurse-patient communication had increased the psychological pressure of clinical nurses,the bad emotional regulation had affected the physical and mental health of clinical nurses,and social support had effectively alleviated the pressure of nurses.Conclusions The level of work pressure of clinical nurses is relatively high in the"Post-Epidemic Era".The government and hospital leaders can alleviate the work pressure of clinical nurses by preventing the congestion of medical resources,rational nursing manpower allocation,appropriate psychological counseling,and providing effective social support.