清代光绪题本文书用纸及老化特性分析

Analysis of Paper and Aging Characteristics of Tiben Documents of Guangxu Period in the Qing Dynasty

题本文书是清代地方高官奏报政务的重要官府文书。官府文书用纸规定有着详细的等级制度。研究现存珍贵文书纸张特点能映射文书的多重价值及特性。本研究通过多种科技分析检测手段对所选题本文书进行造纸原料、工艺及老化特性分析,结果表明,此件文书以苦竹为造纸原料,纸张厚度、打浆度及抄造竹帘的精细度不及清代宫廷用纸,浸沤及蒸煮工艺不够充分;纸张保存状态较差,出现变色、残缺、脆化、霉变、酸化等病害特征,微观组分发生降解,并以纸张霉斑处降解情况尤为明显。最后对其老化原因进行探究,发现竹纤维中木质素和半纤维素含量较高,造纸工艺使得部分木质素残留,酸性物质和霉菌进一步破坏纸张原有组分结构,加速纸张老化。希望本研究可为此件文书长期保存提供参考。

As an important official document for local senior officials to report government affairs in the Qing Dynasty, the paper-using regulations for Tiben document have a detailed hierarchy. Studying the paper characteristics of existing precious documents can also reflect the multiple values and characteristics of documents. The paper-making raw materials, paper-making technology, and aging characteristics of the selected document are analyzed through a variety of scientific and technological analysis and testing methods. The results show that this document is made of Pleioblastus amarus, and its thickness, pulp beating degree and fineness of paper-making bamboo mold are not as good as the paper used in the court of the Qing Dynasty, and the processes of retting and cooking are not sufficient. The document is in poor condition, with the diseases of discoloration,incompleteness, embrittlement, mildew, and acidification. Besides, micro-components are degraded, especially at the mildew spot of the document. Finally, the reasons for its aging are explored. The lignin and hemicellulose content in bamboo fiber is high, and the paper-making process makes some lignin remain. Acidic substances and molds further deteriorate the original composition paper structure as well as accelerate the aging of paper. The above research is expected to provide a reference for the long-term storage of the document.