护理实习生共情疲乏的变化趋势及影响因素研究

Study on the changing trend and influencing factors of empathy fatigue in nursing interns

目的 调查护理实习生在不同实习阶段共情疲乏的变化趋势并探讨其影响因素。方法 采用前瞻性纵向研究,于2021年7月-2022年4月,选取湖北省某本科院校127名护理实习生为研究对象,分别在实习早期、中期和晚期发放一般资料调查表、中文版共情疲乏简短量表、领悟社会支持量表进行调查。结果 随着实习推进,护理实习生共情疲乏水平明显加重,早期、中期、晚期依次为(24.01±11.47)分、(28.55±15.08)分、(31.07±16.07)分;中期、晚期与早期比较,差异均有统计学意义(t中期=-3.873,t晚期=-5.582,均P<0.001)。护理实习生领悟社会支持水平在早期至中期,变化差异不明显;晚期呈明显下降趋势,为(55.53±12.01)分,与早期比较,差异有统计学意义(t=5.981,P<0.001)。重复测量方差分析结果显示:不同实习阶段护理实习生共情疲乏、领悟社会支持水平差异有统计学意义(F共情疲乏=17.469,F领悟社会支持=25.154,均P<0.001)。多元逐步回归分析结果表明:在实习早期和晚期,护理实习生领悟社会支持总体水平对共情疲乏程度有影响(F早期=13.250,F晚期=13.967,均P<0.001);而在实习中期,家庭外源支持的影响更为明显(F=8.860,P=0.004)。结论 护理实习生共情疲乏程度随着实习延长不断加重;高校、实习单位及家庭应积极构建有效干预方案,降低护理实习生共情疲乏水平,提升积极共情、促进其身心健康,减少护理人才流失、维护护理队伍稳定。

Objective To investigate the change trend of compassion fatigue in nursing intern during the different nursing internship stages,and to probe into its influence factors.Methods A total of 127 nursing interns in an undergraduate college in Hubei province from July 2021 to April 2022 were selected as the research objects by using a prospective longitudinal study,and the general information questionnaire,the Chinese version of Compassion Short Fatigue Scale,and Perceived Social Support Scale were conducted to investigate them at the early,middle,and late stages of internship.Results The compassion fatigue of nursing intern was aggravating evidently with the boost of internship,and the early,middle,and late stage's score were(24.01±11.47)points,(28.55±15.08)points,and(31.07±16.07)points,respectively.Compared with the earlier ones,the differences at the others times were all significant(t middle stage=-3.873,t late stage=-5.582,all P<0.001).There difference of nursing interns'perceived social support from early stage to middle stage were not obvious.The downtrend of late stage was obvious,and the score was(55.53±12.01)points,and compared with the early stage,the difference was statistically significant(t=5.981,P<0.001).The result of repeated measurement analysis of variance showed that there were statistically significant differences in compassion fatigue and social support among nursing interns at different internship stages of practice(F compassion fatigue=17.469,F perceived social support=25.154,both P<0.001).Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that the overall level of perceived social support had an impact on the degree of compassion fatigue in the early and late stage of the internship(F early phase=13.250,F later period=13.967,both P<0.001).In the middle of the internship,the influence of exogenous family support was more obvious(F=8.860,P=0.004).Conclusion The compassion fatigue of nursing interns increases with the passage of time.Colleges and universities,internship units,and families should construct an effective intervention program,reduce the level of compassion fatigue,enhance positive empathy,and promote their physical and mental health,so as to reduce the loss of nursing talent and keep the maintenance of nursing team.