科技伦理治理中的全过程审查机制构建

Construction of a Whole-process Review Mechanism in the Governance of Sci-tech Ethics

随着当代科学技术的迅速发展,科技所带来的伦理风险也与日俱增。为了应对这些伦理风险,进行科技伦理治理就成为必然。在科技伦理治理中,建立全过程的伦理审查机制至为关键。全过程伦理审查机制将科技活动划分为议程设置、产品研发和使用三个阶段,依据不同阶段的风险特征,提出了与之相匹配的六种伦理审查形式或制度,即专业审查、公众质询、“伦理屏风”、“道德物化”、风险反馈与伦理救济。在此基础上,构建了以扩展性伦理评估委员会为核心,基于事前预防、事中控制和事后补救的全过程伦理审查机制,以期不断推动科技向善,造福人类社会。

With the rapid development of science and technology,the relevant ethical risks are also increasing.In order to deal with these ethical risks,it is a must to conduct sci-tech ethical govemance.In this process,it is crucial to establish a whole-process ethical review mechanism which divides scientific and technological activities into three stages:the agenda setting,the product development and the product use.According to the risk characteristics of different stages,this paper proposes six forms or systems of ethical review accordingly,namely,professional examination,public inquiry,“ethical screen”,“moralizing tech-nology”,risk feedback and ethical relief.On this basis,it establishes a wholeprocess ethical review mechanism with an ex-panded ethics evaluation committee as the core and on the basis of pre-prevention,in-process control,and post-remediation to continuously promote good-oriented science and technology and to benefit the human society.