遵义市林草湿生态系统外来入侵物种普查及分析

Investigation and analysis of invasive alien species in the forest-grass and wetland ecosystems in Zunyi

【目的】调查清楚遵义市林草湿生态系统外来物种入侵状况,为防控外来物种入侵提供参考。【方法】通过踏查、资料收集、查阅文献等方式对遵义市林草湿生态系统的外来入侵物种开展普查,分析了外来入侵生物的种类、发生面积、分布和风险等级等情况。【结果】全市共布设5 948条踏查线路、长20 590.42 km,踏查覆盖率达20.68%;共普查到66科129属186种,生境总面积达242543.81km^(2)、发生面积达572.45 km^(2),其中19种外来入侵物种在全市各县均有分布;外来入侵植物种类最多,达到157种,占比高达84.41%;其次为25种外来入侵动物,占13.44%;最少为外来入侵病原微生物4种,占2.15%;I级高风险物种8种,占4.30%;II级中风险23种,占12.37%;III级低风险155种,占83.33%。【结论】此次普查摸清了遵义市林草湿生态系统的外来入侵物种分布及发生等情况,构建了外来入侵物种本底数据库,为研判入侵扩散机制、构建防控预警体系、制定防治策略等提供数据支撑,对生物多样性和生态环境保护及社会可持续发展具有重要作用。

[Objective]This study was conducted in order to investigate the invasion status of alien species in the forest-grass and wetland ecosystems in Zunyi,which will provide references for the prevention and control of alien invasive species.[Method]A survey of invasive alien species in the forest-grass and wetland ecosystem in Zunyi was conducted through methods such as investigation,data collection and literature review.The species,occurrence area,distribution and risk rating of invasive alien species were analyzed.[Result]The census showed that 5948 inspection routes were surveyed in Zunyi,with a length of 20590.42 km and a coverage rate of 20.68%.A total of 186 species belonging to 129 genera and 66 families was surveyed,with a total habitat area of 242543.8 km^(2) and an occurrence area of 572.45 km^(2).Among them,19 invasive alien species distributed in various counties of Zunyi.The maximum number of invasive plant species was 157,accounting for 84.41%,followed by 25 invasive animals,accounting for 13.44%,and at least 4 invasive pathogenic microorganisms were found,accounting for 2.15%.There were 8 high-risk species at level I,accounting for 4.30%,23 medium risk species at level II,accounting for 12.37%,and 155 low risk species at level III,accounting for 83.33%.[Conclusion]This survey has identified the distribution and occurrence of invasive alien species in the forest-grass and wetland ecosystems in Zunyi,and constructed a background database of invasive alien species.This census provides data support for studying the mechanisms of invasion and spread,building a prevention and controlling early warning system,and formulating prevention and controlling strategies.It plays an important role in biodiversity and ecological environment protection,as well as social sustainable development.