青南地区人熊冲突发生机制初探

A Preliminary Investigation Into the Mechanisms of Human -bear in Southern Qinghai

人与棕熊的冲突日益严重,为探究青海省南部地区人熊冲突发生机制,2022年选取了青南地区玛沁县、玉树市、囊谦县3个人熊冲突严重的地区展开了调查。采用半结构化访谈法对70户牧民进行访谈,得到有效访谈共50户,并结合2021年玛沁县熊害卷宗21起,统计和分析青南地区人熊冲突现状,从而探究人熊冲突发生机制。结果表明:(1)青南地区人熊冲突事件4-11月份非冬眠期均有发生,主要集中于每年4-6月份;(2)玛沁县人熊冲突主要发生于雪山乡、下大武乡、优云乡等地;玉树市人熊冲突发生于上拉秀乡、下拉秀乡、巴塘乡等地;囊谦县人熊冲突主要发生于东坝乡、尕羊乡、白扎乡等地;(3)人熊冲突事件对人造成的损失主要包括家具受损、房屋受损、口粮受损;(4)棕熊栖息地减少、自然食物短缺及不易获得、牧民储存粮食的房屋简陋、房屋内食物易得以及不完善的生活垃圾、厨余垃圾的处理方式,从而驱使棕熊与人类之间不断发生冲突。

Conflicts between humans and Ursus arctos are becoming increase seriously.To explore the mechanism of human-bear conflict occurrence in southern Qinghai Province,in 2022,three areas with serious human-bear conflicts are selected for investigation,including Maqin,Yushu and Nangqian County in southern Qinghai Province.70 herder households are interviewed by using the method of semi-structured interview method.A total of 50 households were effectively interviewed,combined with 21 Ursus arctos damage files in 2021 in Maqin County.The current status of human-bear conflict in the Qingnan region has been statistically and analytically analyzed in order to explore the mechanisms by which human-bear conflict occurs.The results show that(1) Incidents of human-bear conflict in the Tsingnan region occur from April to November during the non-hibernation period,but are mainly concentrated in April,May,and June of each year.(2) Human-bear conflicts in Maqin County mainly occurred in Xueshan Township,Xia Dawu Township and Youyun Township;Human-bear conflicts in Yushu City occurred in Shanglaxiu Township,Xialaxiu Township and Batang Township;Human-bear conflicts in Nangqian County mainly occur in Dongba Township,Gayang Township and Baiza Township.(3) The main human losses caused by the Ursus arctos conflict were damage to furniture,houses and food rations.(4) Human-bear conflict is driven by shrinking habitat,shortages and lack of access to natural food,rudimentary housing for herders to store food,easy access to food inside houses,and imperfect disposal of household waste and kitchen waste.