水产养殖废水的生态影响及绿色处理技术研究进展

Research Progress on the Ecological Impact of Aquaculture Wastewater and Green Treatment Technology

水产养殖作为世界粮食生产不可或缺的组成部分,在近几年取得了稳健的发展。中国水产行业规模不断扩大,年均增长率达到了3.2%,有效缓解了食品供应压力,同时也促进了经济的进一步发展。然而,随着水产养殖业务的高速拓展,排放的废水对环境造成的污染问题日益突显。研究人员致力于开发相关技术和方法以解决水产养殖废水污染的问题。目前,循环水产养殖系统(RAS)成为最为广泛应用的技术之一,同时还包括生物、物理和化学处理等多种方法。对当前水产养殖废水处理技术进行了深入的剖析和介绍,详细探讨了其优缺点、处理效率以及工艺流程。结果表明:在生物处理方法中,生物反应器、生物絮凝体、湿地和植物修复等被广泛应用,这些方法具有高效率、低污染等优点。而在物理化学部分,综述了吸附、高级氧化工艺(AOPs)和膜技术等方法。就这些技术进行全面探讨,为水产养殖的健康发展提供有力的支持,分析各种废水处理技术的优缺点,提出了未来的建议和展望,旨在确保水产养殖业在发展的过程中保持生态友好性和可持续性。

Aquaculture is a crucial part of global food production.In recent years,China's aquaculture industry has made steady progress,with its scale continuously expanding and an average annual growth rate of 3.2%.This has alleviated food supply issues and promoted economic development.However,the wastewater discharge from rapid aquaculture expansion poses significant environmental pollution concerns.To effectively treat wastewater from aquaculture,researchers have developed numerous related technologies and methods.Currently,Recirculating Aquaculture Systems(RAS) are the most widely used.Other techniques include biological,physical,and chemical treatments.This paper delves deeply into existing aquaculture wastewater treatment techniques,and discusses their pros and cons,efficiency,and processes.The biological treatment methods encompass bioreactors,bio-flocculants,wetlands,and phytoremediation,known for their high efficiency and low pollution.The physical and chemical segments cover adsorption,Advanced Oxidation Processes(AOPs),and membrane technologies.This paper offers future suggestions and prospects for treating aquaculture wastewater to ensure the ecological friendliness and sustainable development of aquaculture.