技术与规范结构耦合:数字时代环境法律系统的智慧建构

Technology is Coupled with the Specification Structure:The Intelligent Construction of Environmental Legal System in the Digital Age

数字技术在推动山水林田湖草沙一体化保护和系统治理上发挥着重要作用,技术赋能环境治理逐渐成为数字化与绿色化协同转型的时代趋势。然而,数字技术在环境治理过程中的“高效率”特质,能从实然层面影响环境法律规范适用,并引发效率与公正之争。在系统论视野下,数字时代的环境治理以程序代码为载体,技术实质上承担了部分环境监管职能,即技术系统对环境法律系统产生了“激扰”,引发了系统功能分化。技术系统与环境法律系统都属于社会系统中“封闭运作”的功能子系统,并围绕“技术代码”形成了结构耦合关系,这成为环境法律系统优化的形成机理。因此,为契合数字时代环境治理需求,环境法律系统自创生分为两个阶段:一是规范及时回应技术内嵌式环境监管,实现代码规范化;二是技术与规范结构耦合,实现规范代码化,最终完成环境法律系统之智慧建构。

Digital technology plays an important role in promoting the integrated protection and system management of grass and sand in mountains,rivers,forests,lakes and lakes,and technology-empowered environmental governance has gradually become the trend of digital green collaborative transformation.However,the“high efficiency”characteristics of digital technology in the process of environmental governance can affect the application of environmental legal norms from the actual level,and lead to the dispute between efficiency and justice.From the perspective of system theory,the environmental governance in the digital era takes the program code as the carrier,and technology essentially undertakes part of the functions of environmental supervision,that is,the technical system has a“disturbance”to the environmental legal system,leading to the functional differentiation of the system.Both the technical system and the environmental legal system belong to the functional subsystem of“closed operation”in the social system,and form a structural coupling relationship around the“technical code”,which has also become the formation mechanism of the optimization of the environmental legal system.Therefore,in order to meet the needs of environmental governance in the digital era,the self-creation of the environmental legal system can be divided into two stages:one is to standardize and respond to the technology embedded environmental supervision in time to realize the code standardization;the other is to couple the technology with the normative structure to realize the normative coding and finally complete the intelligent construction of the environmental legal system.