石墨烯及其衍生物在骨组织工程中的研究进展

Advances in Graphene and Its Derivatives in Bone Tissue Engineering

近年来,纳米材料在骨组织工程材料的应用中显示出独特的优势。石墨烯及其衍生物如氧化石墨烯,还原氧化石墨烯作为代表性的二维纳米材料,具有优异的机械性能、大的比表面积、良好的导电性能和生物相容性,被认为具有巨大的骨组织工程应用潜力。在此,本文回顾了石墨烯及其衍生物作为新型复合骨工程支架的增强组分和药物载体的应用,介绍了基于不同动物模型的应用研究,以便充分验证石墨烯及其衍生物的诱骨效应;对成骨分化相关信号通路如Wnt/β-catenin信号通路,MAPK信号通路以及BMP信号通路各自发挥的作用及各条通路之间的相互关系进行了梳理,对阐明成骨分化调控机制具有重要意义。

In recent years,nanomaterials have shown unique advantages in the application of bone tissue engineering materials.Graphene and its derivatives such as graphene oxide,reduced graphene oxide,as representative twodimensional nanomaterials with excellent mechanical properties,large specific surface area,good electrical conductivity and biocompatibility,are considered to have great potential for bone tissue engineering applications.Herein,the applications of graphene and its derivatives as reinforcement components and drug carriers for novel composite bone engineering scaffolds are reviewed,and application studies based on different animal models are also presented in order to fully validate the osteoinductive effects of graphene and its derivatives.Subsequently,the signalling pathways related to osteogenic differentiation,such as Wnt,MAPK and BMP,were summarized,and their respective roles and the interrelationships among these pathways were clarified,which is of great significance for the elucidation of the regulatory mechanism of osteogenic differentiation.