生物降解技术在钻井老井固废环保隐患治理修复中的应用

Application of Biodegradation Technology in the Treatment and Restoration of Environmental Hid-den Danger of Solid Waste from Drilling Old Wells

简要介绍了油气勘探钻井老井固废性质特点和生物降解技术原理及处理工艺,重点分析了生物降解技术治理2口西南油气田老井固废的修复效果。分析结果表明:生物降解技术治理修复形成的土壤中有害重金属指标不超过《土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染物风险管控标准》(GB 15618—2018)(其他,pH>7.5,风险筛选值),土壤浸出液污染物指标能满足《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838—2002)Ⅴ类标准,可作为绿化耕植土使用。处理后的土壤养分较为贫瘠,可针对性补充有机质、磷肥和氮肥,补充养分后进一步利用。生物降解技术处理利用油气勘探钻井老井中的残留固废,使其转变成一般可栽性土壤具有可行性,不仅可消除老井环保隐患,还可使固废占用地变成可耕地,实现生态修复和可持续发展。

This paper introduced the properties and cha-racteristics of solid waste from drilling old wells in oil and gas exploration and technical principles and treatment process of biodegradation.It focused on analyzing the restoration effects of biodegradation technology on two old wells of the Southwest Oil&Gasfield Company.The results showed that the index of harmful heavy metallic elements in the soil treated and restored by biodegradation technology did not exceed the index in the Soil environmental quality Risk control standard for soil contamination of agricultural land(GB 15618-2018)(other,pH>7.5,risk screening value);the pollutant index of soil leachate can meet category class 5 water quality requirements in Environment quality standard for surface water(GB3838-2002).The solid waste from drilling after biodegradation treatment can be used as afforestation and planting soil.After treatment,the soil is relatively poor in nutrients and can be supplemented with targeted organic,phosphate and nitrogen fertilizers to replenish nutrients for further use.It is feasible to adopt biodegradation technology to treat and utilize the residual solid waste from drilling old wells in oil and gas exploration and turn them into general plant-able soil,which can not only eliminate the environmental hazards of old wells,but also turn the land occupied by the solid waste into arable land,thus realizing ecological res-toration and sustainable development.