高燃压中型运载火箭发射地面低高度排导技术

Low Altitude Surface Drainage Technology of Medium Launch Vehicle with High Combustion Pressure

综合高燃压中型运载火箭高密度发射燃气流地面排导需求及烧蚀风险分析,提出基于地面双面导流装置与高位挡流墙结合的地面低高度排导技术方案。利用火箭发射燃气动力学研究总结的燃气流膨胀特性以及导流型面设计方法,解决了地面低高度排导技术涉及的地面导流装置导流型面气动设计以及尺度控制两个关键问题。地面低高度排导技术方案设计与燃气流场瞬态仿真多轮叠代,实现了燃气流排导烧蚀范围合理控制,避免了燃气流低高度排导烧蚀反溅影响箭体。地面低高度排导技术采用专利支撑的喷水冷却防护方案实现高燃压中型运载火箭发射燃气流强烧蚀环境发射系统、发射设施综合防护。基于喷流缩比试验相似性控制方法研制了1∶10比例喷流缩比试验系统,通过喷流缩比试验验证确认高燃压中型运载火箭发射燃气流能够实现地面低高度安全、顺畅排导,同时与发射台、导流装置结构融合的阵列喷水方案能够行之有效解决高燃压中型运载火箭地面低高度排导强烧蚀难题。

Based on the demand and ablative risk analysis of the surface drainage about high density launching of medium launch vehicle with high combustion pressure,a technical scheme of low altitude surface drainage based on the combination of double-sided diversion device and high baffle wall is proposed.The expansion characteristics of the jet flow and the design method of the flow guide surface of the rocket launch jet dynamics are used to solve the two key problems of the aerodynamic design and scale control of the flow guide surface of the diversion device involved in the low altitude surface diversion technology.The design of the technical scheme of the low altitude surface diversion and the transient simulation of the jet flow field are multi-cycle superposed to realize the reasonable control of burning process of the jet flow.The influence erosion of ablation avoids the impact of low altitude surface drainage ablation and spatter on the rocket body.The low altitude surface drainage technology adopts the patent-supported water spray cooling protection scheme to realize the comprehensive protection of launch system and launch facilities in the strong ablative environment of jet flow during the launching of medium launch vehicle with high combustion pressure.Based on the similarity control method of jet shrinkage test,1∶10 proportional jet shrinkage test system,through the jet shrinkage test verified that the launching jet flow of medium launch vehicle with high combustion pressure can achieve safe and smooth drainage at low altitude on the ground,and at the same time,the water spray array scheme integrated with the launch platform and diversion device structure can effectively solved the high combustion pressure medium launch vehicle at low altitude surface drainage and strong ablation problem.