青少年压力感知对执行功能的影响:自我厌恶和负性情绪的作用路径

Influence of perceived stress on executive function:the path of self-hate and negative affect in adolescents

背景青少年执行功能的发展受诸多环境因素的影响。压力感知与执行功能密切相关,但其对青少年执行功能影响的路径尚不明确。目的探究负性情绪和自我厌恶在青少年压力感知与执行功能之间的作用路径,以期为改善青少年的执行功能提供参考。方法于2022年5月1日—30日,选取山东省日照市5所高中和5所初中的7734名青少年进行问卷调查。使用自编调查表收集青少年的一般资料,采用压力感知量表(PSS)、执行功能行为评定量表自评版(BRIEF-SR)、患者健康问卷(PHQ-4)和自我厌恶量表(SHS)分别评定青少年的压力感知水平、执行功能、负性情绪以及自我厌恶水平。采用Spearman相关分析考查各量表评分之间的相关性。采用Bootstrap方法检验自我厌恶和负性情绪在青少年压力感知与执行功能之间的中介效应。结果共回收有效问卷7012份(90.66%)。青少年BRIEF-SR评分与PSS、PHQ-4、SHS评分均呈正相关(r=0.564、0.653、0.597,P均<0.01),PSS评分与PHQ-4和SHS评分均呈正相关(r=0.615、0.531,P均<0.01),PHQ-4评分与SHS评分呈正相关(r=0.566,P<0.01)。青少年压力感知对执行功能影响的总效应为0.574(95%CI:0.555~0.594)。青少年自我厌恶(间接效应值为0.160,95%CI:0.145~0.175)和负性情绪(间接效应值为0.143,95%CI:0.129~0.158)分别是压力感知与执行功能之间的作用路径,且自我厌恶-负性情绪是其链式作用路径(间接效应值为0.065,95%CI:0.058~0.073),分别占总效应的27.87%、24.91%、11.32%。结论青少年压力感知既可以直接影响执行功能,也可以通过负性情绪与自我厌恶的独立路径或链式路径影响执行功能。

Background The development of executive function in adolescents is influenced by many environmental factors.Previous studies have found that perceived stress is closely related to executive function,whereas its role in the mediation of executive function remains poorly studied.Objective To explore the role of negative affect and self-hate in mediating the relationship between perceived stress and executive function in adolescents,so as to assist the improvement of executive function in adolescents.Methods Questionnaires were administered to 7734 adolescents from five junior and five senior high schools in Rizhao city,Shandong province from 1 to 30 May 2022.Data were collected using a self-made questionnaire,and adolescents were assessed using Perceived Stress Scale(PSS),Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Self Report Version(BRIEF-SR),Patient Health Questionnaire(PHQ-4)and Self-Hate Scale(SHS).Spearman correlation analysis was conducted to examine the correlation between variables.A Bootstrap method was chosen to examine the mediation effect of self-hate and negative affect on the relationship between perceived stress and executive function in adolescents.Results A total of 7012(90.66%)valid questionnaires were retrieved.BRIEF-SR score was positively correlated with PSS,PHQ-4 and SHS scores(r=0.564,0.653,0.597,P<0.01).PSS score was positively correlated with PHQ-4 and SHS scores(r=0.615,0.531,P<0.01).PHQ-4 score was positively correlated with SHS score(r=0.566,P<0.01).The value of mediation effect of perceived stress on executive function was 0.574(95%CI:0.555~0.594).Self-hate(indirect effect value of 0.160,95%CI:0.145~0.175)and negative affect(indirect effect value of 0.143,95%CI:0.129~0.158),separately from each other,mediated the relationship between perceived stress and executive function,and a chained mediation effect of self-hate and negative affect was also documented(indirect effect value of 0.065,95%CI:0.058~0.073),accounting for 27.87%,24.91% and 11.32% of the total effect,respectively.Conclusion The perceived stress of adolescents may be a influencing factor of the executive function.Additionally,perceived stress can either directly affect executive function or indirectly through the separate or chained mediation via negative affect and self-hate.