不同品种马驹粪便菌群多样性及丰度的分析研究

Analysis of the diversity and abundance of faecal flora of different species of ponies

本试验旨在研究3个品种(伊犁马、哈萨克马和纯血马)断奶马驹粪便菌群多样性及丰度的差异,为不同品种断奶马驹肠道微生物多样性的深入研究提供基础数据。试验选择伊犁马、哈萨克马和纯血马断奶马驹15匹,平均体重分别为(145.28±1.69)、(126.75±5.58) kg和(184.65±9.54) kg,以品种为单位,分为3个组进行试验。断奶前同一品种马驹与母马一起饲养,通过直肠采样法采集马驹粪便样品,采用高通量测序技术测定分析马驹粪便菌群多样性。结果显示:(1)哈萨克马粪便细菌observed_species、goods_coverage、PD_whole_tree、ACE和Chao1结果极显著高于伊犁马和纯血马马驹(P <0.01),纯血马马驹PD_whole_tree指标极显著高于伊犁马马驹,提高了3.99%(P <0.01);(2)门水平前10的物种中3个品种相同的菌有7种,分别是厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门、变形菌门、疣微菌门、放线菌门、软壁菌门和螺旋体门,伊犁马和纯血马马驹粪便厚壁菌门丰度比哈萨克马提高63.50%和70.37%,差异极显著(P <0.01);拟杆菌门丰度各品种之间差异极显著(P <0.01),哈萨克马>纯血马>伊犁马;(3)科水平马驹粪便前10的物种中,相同的菌有瘤胃球菌科、毛螺旋菌科和克里斯滕森菌科;(4)属水平前10的物种中3个品种相同的细菌有链球菌属。因此,在本研究条件下,3个品种马驹中哈萨克马粪便细菌多样性显著性最高;厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门、变形菌门、疣微菌门、放线菌门等是3个品种门水平相同的优势菌;在科水平和属水平3个品种马驹细菌组成和丰度差异较大。

The purpose of this experiment was to study the influence of fecal flora diversity and abundance of three breeds(Ili horse,Kazakh horse and thoroughbred horse)of weaned foals,and to provide basic data for further research on intestinal microbial diversity of different breeds of weaned foals.Fifteen weanling foals of Ili,Kazakh and thoroughbred horses with an average weight of(145.28±1.69),(126.75±5.58)kg and(184.65±9.54)kg,respectively,were selected for the trial and divided into three groups for the study by breed.Foals of the same breed were kept together with mares before weaning,and fecal samples were collected by rectal sampling method,and fecal flora diversity of foals was determined and analyzed by high-throughput sequencing technology.The results showed that:(1)The results of observed_species,goods_coverage,PD_whole_tree,ACE and Chao1 in Kazakh horse feces were significantly higher than those of Ili horse and thoroughbred foal(P<0.01),and the PD_whole_tree index of thoroughbred foal was significantly higher than that of Ili horse foal,which increased by 3.99%(P<0.01);(2)There were 7 kinds of the same bacteria in the phylum top 10,which were Firmicutes,Bacteroidetes,Proteobacteria,Verrucomicrobia,Actinobacteria,Tenericutes and Spirochaetes.The abundance of fecal Firmicutes was 63.50%and 70.37%higher in Ili and thoroughbred foals than in Kazakh horses,with highly significant differences(P<0.01);There were significant differences among Bacteroidetes breeds(P<0.01),Kazakh horses>thoroughbred horses>Yili horses;(3)Among the species with top 10 foal feces of families,the same bacteria were Ruminococcaceae,Lachnospiraceae and Christensenellaceae;(4)Among the top 10 species,three bacteria with the same species were Streptococcus.Therefore,under the conditions of this study,among the three foals,the bacterial diversity of Kazakh horse feces was the highest;Firmicutes,Bacteroidetes,Proteobacteria,Verrucomicrobia and Actinobacteria were the dominant bacteria of the same level among the three phylum varieties;The bacterial composition and abundance of three foals were quite different at family level and genus level.