藜麦的饲用价值及对育成牛生长性能与经济效益的影响

Feeding value of quinoa and its effect on growth performance and economic benefits of growing cattle

本文旨在研究藜麦的饲用价值及其对肉牛的生长性能和经济效益的影响。试验一:选择藜麦品种(系WQ1409、WQ1545、WQ1664、WQ1708、WQ1721、WQ1860作为试验材料,于开花后期采集藜麦全株,测定其干物质、粗蛋白质、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量,使用相对饲喂价值(RFV)和粗饲料分级指数(GI)对饲草品质进行评价。结果表明:6个藜麦品种(系)干物质含量为25.34%~32.75%,粗蛋白质含量为16.18%~21.67%,中性洗涤纤维含量为47.23%~50.95%,酸性洗涤纤维含量为34.08%~37.44%。RFV与GI饲草等级划分总体趋势相同,6个藜麦品种(系)皆为2级饲草及以上。试验二:选择体重相近的20头7月龄育成牛和20头10月龄育成牛,饲喂藜麦全株22 kg。试验期60 d,其他饲养方式不变。结果表明:试验1、2组的育成牛平均体高较对照1、2组分别提高了1.29、1.4 cm(P <0.05)。试验1、2组的育成牛平均体重较对照组1、2分别提高了8.59、11.69 kg(P <0.05)。综上所述,藜麦全株的饲用价值较高,适宜作为草食动物的粗饲料来源,日粮中添加藜麦可以有效改善育成牛的生长性能,并增加一定的经济效益。

The purpose of this paper was to study the feeding value of quinoa and its effect on growth performance and economic benefits of beef cattle.Experiment 1:Quinoa varieties(lines)WQ1409,WQ1545,WQ1664,WQ1708,WQ1721 and WQ1860 were selected as experimental materials.The whole plant of quinoa was collected at the late flowering stage,and its dry matter,crude protein and acid detergent fiber content were measured.The relative feeding value(RFV)and roughage grading index(GI)were used to evaluate the forage quality.The results showed that the dry matter content of six quinoa varieties(lines)ranged from 25.34%~32.75%,the crude protein content ranged from 16.18%~21.67%,the neutral detergent fiber content ranged from 47.23%~50.95%,and the acid detergent fiber content ranged from 34.08%~37.44%.The overall trend of RFV and roughage GI was the same,and the six quinoa varieties(lines)were grade 2 and above.Experiment 2:Twenty 7-month-old cattle and 2010-month-old cattle with similar body weight were selected and fed with 22 kg quinoa.The test period was 60 days,and other feeding methods remained unchanged.The results showed that the average body height of the growing cattle in the experimental groups 1 and 2 was increased by 1.29 cm and 1.4 cm,respectively,compared with the control groups 1 and 2(P<0.05).Compared with the control group 1 and 2,the average body weight of the breeding cattle in the experimental group 1 and 2 increased by 8.59 kg and 11.69 kg,respectively(P<0.05).In summary,the whole plant of quinoa had high feeding value and was suitable as a roughage source for herbivores.Adding quinoa to the diet could effectively improve the growth performance of growing cattle and increase certain economic benefits.