新粮食安全观下我国大米进口贸易发展的特征、问题与建议

The Features,Problems and Suggestions of Rice Import Trade Development in China Under the the New Food Security Policy

2001-2022年,我国大米进口贸易总体保持增长态势,已跃居世界大米进口榜首,产品结构以碎米为主,来源地区主要集中在南亚和东南亚,进口均价呈先升后降态势。近年来,我国大米进口贸易发展中存在着增势过猛,粮食安全风险上升;来源地数量不足,市场集中度较高;进口优势不显著,均价相对偏高;进口门槛偏低,保护程度有限等问题。新形势下,全面贯彻新粮食安全观,强化战略思维,提升自给能力;拓展进口来源,优化市场结构;完善进口管理政策,提升产业链与供应链的安全性;完善大米储备机制,增强抵御国际风险能力,实现我国大米进口贸易可持续健康发展。

From 2001 to 2022,China's rice import has kept growing;making it the largest rice importer in the world.Broken rice dominates the rice imports with source countries concentrated in South Asia and Southeast Asia,and the average import price rose first then declined.In recent years,there still exist some problems in China’s rice import trade such as excessively fast growing,rising food security risks limited source areas,higher market concentration,insignificant import advantages,relatively higher average price,lower import thresholds,limited protection and so on.Under the new circumstances,China should fully implement the new food security policy,reinforce strategic thinking,improve food self-sufficiency,expand source areas,optimize market structure,improve import management policies,enhance industry and supply chain security,perfect rice reserve systems,increase the capabilities to resist global risks,so that sustainable and healthy development of China's rice import trade can be achieved.