基于社会力模型的公共场所疏散仿真研究

Research on evacuation simulation of public places based on the social force model

为提升公共场所人员应急疏散能力,利用社会力模型和AnyLogic仿真模拟软件,对公共场所人员疏散问题进行研究。通过文献分析,从环境、人员和管理视角构建了公共场所应急疏散影响因素体系;以某高校食堂为例,基于社会力模型,分析影响高校食堂人员疏散的4个关键因素;在仿真建模的基础上,采用正交试验设计对假设进一步予以验证,提出最优组合方案。研究表明:人员环境熟悉度、场景布局、引导作用、疏散人数4个因素对高校食堂人员应急疏散均有显著影响,其中疏散人数影响最大,研究结果可为公共场所人员应急疏散提供参考。

In order to enhance the emergency evacuation capabilities of public places personnel,social force modeling and AnyLogic simulation software were used to study the evacuation problem of public places personnel.Through literature analysis,a factor system for the emergency evacuation of public places was constructed from the perspectives of environment,personnel,and management;Taking a certain university cafeteria as an example,four key factors influencing the evacuation of university cafeteria personnel were analyzed;On the basis of simulation modeling,orthogonal experimental design was used to further validate assumptions and propose the optimal combination plan.The research shows that the familiarity of personnel and environment,the layout of the scene,the guiding role,and the number of evacuees all have significant impacts on the emergency evacuation of university cafeteria personnel,with the number of evacuees having the greatest influence.The research results can provide reference for the emergency evacuation of public places personnel.