基于大型农业机械的后桥壳体深孔加工装置设计

Design of Deep Hole Processing Device for Rear Axle Housing Based on Large Agricultural Machinery

后桥壳体类零件是减速器、差速器、半轴、齿轮装配的基体,主要起到支承保护作用,应用十分广泛,为解决大型农业机械的后桥壳体零件上深孔加工存在的振动难题,设计了后桥壳体深孔加工装置。在分析了后桥壳体零件的加工要求及结构工艺性后,结合机械结构、液压、机械制造相关理论设计了该装置,由刀杆装置、液压弹性活动顶尖装置、工件定位装夹装置、液压装置4部份组成。针对后桥壳体零件的深孔加工时刀杆伸出太长,刀杆容易产生弯曲变形,加工时产生振动的问题,设计的装置采用液压弹性顶尖,加工时顶尖顶住刀杆左端,减轻了刀杆径向力的影响,避免了刀杆弯曲变形和加工时振动的产生,从而提高了零件的加工精度;刀具转速和刀具进给速度也可以相应调高,并且在刀杆上同时安装了粗、精加工刀具,深孔可以一次加工完成,使用新装置后,深孔的加工时间由40 min减少到2 min左右,加工效率提高了20倍。

The axle housing parts are the substrate for the assembly of reducers,differentials,half shafts,and gears,mainly playing a supporting and protective role,and are widely used.In order to solve the vibration problem of deep hole machining on the rear axle housing parts of large agricultural machinery,a deep hole machining device for the rear axle housing has been designed.After analyzing the processing requirements and structural craftsmanship of the rear axle housing parts,the device is designed based on relevant theories of mechanical structure,hydraulic pressure and mechanical manufacturing.The device consists of four parts:a cutter bar device,a hydraulic elastic movable center device,a workpiece positioning and clamping device,a hydraulic device.When processing deep holes in the rear axle housing parts,the extension of the tool bar is too long,which can easily cause bending deformation and vibration during processing.The device adopts a hydraulic elastic center device,and the top point is pressed against the left end of the tool bar during processing,reducing the impact of radial force on the tool bar,avoiding the bending deformation of the tool bar and the generation of vibration during processing,thereby improving the machining accuracy of the parts.The tool speed and feed speed can also be adjusted accordingly,and both coarse and fine machining tools are installed on the tool holder.Deep holes can be processed in one go.After using the device,the processing time of deep holes is reduced from 40 minutes to about 2 minutes,and the processing efficiency of deep holes is increased by 20 times.