干旱区气候变化及其对山地森林生态系统稳定性和水文过程影响研究进展

Advances in climate change and its impact on the stability of mountain forest ecosystems and hydrological processes in arid regions

在干旱区,水是形成绿洲的根本要素。干旱区高寒山地是维系西北干旱区绿洲存在、是当地国民经济持续发展和生态环境稳定的水源地,山地森林生态系统具有重要的涵养水源功能,有“绿色水库”之称。气候变化将改变山地生态系统结构、组成和水循环,加剧水资源短缺,威胁干旱区绿洲安全。回顾并综述了干旱区气候变化及其对干旱区山地森林生态系统稳定性和水文过程的影响研究进展,指出了研究中存在的问题,并提出未来在干旱区山地仍需要评估优于1 km空间分辨率的气候变化趋势,从多尺度、多界面、多学科、多方法开展气候变化对干旱区山地森林生态系统稳定性和水文过程影响的综合研究,以促进干旱区山地生态学的发展,为干旱区管理部门提供适应和缓解气候变化、科学的制定气候变化条件下水资源管理方案、实现水资源的有效管理奠定理论基础,促进干旱区气候变化条件下的环境和社会经济可持续性发展。

Water is essential for the formation of oases in arid areas.Water source districts maintain the existence of oases,facilitate sustainable development of the local economy,and ensure the stability of the ecological envi-ronment in the mountains of the northwest arid area.Forest ecosystems are important for water conservation and are called a“green reservoirs”in mountainous areas.Climate change is anticipated to alter the structure and com-position of terrestrial ecosystems,affecting elements of the terrestrial water cycle and exacerbating water shortag-es,thereby posing a threat to arid oases.This study briefly reviews and summarizes the research progress and ex-isting problems related to climate change and their impact on the stability and hydrological processes of mountain forest ecosystems in arid regions.In the future,it also suggests that the trend of climate change needs to be evalu-ated in arid mountains with an enhanced spatial resolution of 1 km.A comprehensive study of the impact of cli-mate change on the stability of mountain forest ecosystems and hydrological processes in arid areas is recom-mended,considering multiple scales,interfaces,disciplines,and methods.This approach aims to promote the de-velopment of mountain ecology in arid areas and to lay the theoretical foundation for arid area management de-partments to adapt to and mitigate the impact of climate change.It further emphasizes the need to scientifically formulate management plans for climate change conditions and realize effective water resource management,thereby promoting sustainable environmental and socioeconomic development under climate change conditions in arid regions.