烟草青枯病的发生流行及生防菌防控的根际微生物效应研究进展

Research progress on occurrence and epidemiology of tobacco bacterial wilt and effects of biocontrol agents on rhizosphere microbiota

综述了国内烟草青枯病的发生、症状特征、生防菌的应用及其对根际微生物群落的影响。(1)烟草青枯病病原为青枯雷尔氏菌(Ralstonia solanacearum),该菌具有丰富的遗传多样性;(2)发病面积较大、为害较重的产区有广东、广西、福建、湖南、浙江等省(自治区)及安徽省的皖南烟区、四川省的宜宾和泸州等烟区,发病率达30%~100%;(3)多种微生物的联合应用或拮抗菌与(生物)有机肥、生物质炭等的配合施用可以更好地控制烟草青枯病;(4)生防菌的应用显著影响了烟草根际土壤细菌和真菌群落的多样性,并使根际微生物群落朝着更均衡的方向发展。

The occurrence and symptom of tobacco bacterial wilt in China,the application of biocontrol agents and their influence on the rhizosphere microbial community in published literature were summarized.The results showed that:1)The pathogen of tobacco bacterial wilt was Ralstonia solanacearum,and its genetic diversity was rich.2)The production areas with a large incidence and severe damage were the tobacco growing areas in Guangdong,Guangxi,Fujian,Hunan,Zhejiang,southern Anhui,and Yibin and Luzhou in Sichuan,with an incidence rate of between 30%-100%.3)The combined application of multiple microorganisms or the combination of antagonistic agents with organic fertilizers,bio-organic fertilizers and biochar had better control effects on tobacco bacterial wilt.4)The application of biocontrol agents significantly affected the diversity and structure of bacterial and fungal communities in the tobacco rhizosphere soil,and positively influenced the balance of the rhizosphere microbial community.