横沙东滩大型底栖动物多样性及其群落结构特征

Diversity and community structure of macrobenthos in the Hengsha East Shoal

为了解横沙东滩围垦后潮间带大型底栖动物的现状,本研究分别于2019年10月(秋季)、2020年4月(春季)在横沙东滩自然潮滩和成陆区开展了大型底栖动物调查工作。结果表明,调查区域共发现大型底栖动物26种,自然潮滩物种数高于成陆区;自然潮滩和成陆区优势种明显不同,自然潮滩优势种为圆锯齿吻沙蚕、河蚬、缢蛏和谭氏泥蟹,成陆区优势种为日本新糠虾、日本旋卷蜾蠃蜚和摇蚊幼虫。大型底栖动物的平均丰度成陆区(481.60 ind./m^(2))高于自然潮滩(302.40 ind./m^(2)),平均生物量为自然潮滩(84.50 g/m^(2))高于成陆区(6.71 g/m^(2))。大型底栖动物的多样性指数(H′、J、d)为自然潮滩高于成陆区。Cluster和MDS分析表明,横沙东滩不同生境的底栖动物群落之间存在较明显差异,ABC曲线表明成陆区底栖动物群落受到了一定程度的扰动影响。

In order to understand the current situation of large animals in the intertidal zone after reclamation in Hengsha East Shoal,the macrobenthic samples were taken in the natural tidal flat and the terrestrial zone of Hengsha East Shoal in October 2019(autumn)and April 2020(spring).A total of 26 species were indentified in survey area,and the number of macrobenthos species in the natural tidal flat was higher than the terrestrial zone.The dominant species in natural tidal flats and the terrestrial zone were obviously different.The average abundance of macrobenthos in the terrestrial zone(481.60 ind./m^(2))was higher than the natural tidal flat(302.40 ind./m^(2)),and the average biomass of the natural tidal flat(84.50 g/m^(2))was higher than the terrestrial zone(6.71 g/m^(2)).The diversity indices(H',J,d)of macrobenthos in the natural tidal flat were higher than the terrestrial zone.The results of Cluster and MDS showed that there were significant differences in the different habitats.The ABC curves indicated that the macrobenthic community of the terrestrial zone had been changed while the nature tidal flat were relatively undisturbed.